Muscles of the person: layout scheme. Names of human muscles

The human body is an amazing system that surpasses in its complexity many man-made structures. Despite this, a person acts wonderfully smoothly and accurately, effectively performs the assigned tasks. The movement of the body is carried out with the help of muscles, which are located practically over its entire area. Thanks to their selfless labor, we can walk, breathe, talk and do other things that are so familiar to us.

Types of muscles

The name of the human muscles came to us from ancient Rome, whose inhabitants compared the movements of muscle tissue under the skin with the running around of the mice under the sheet. Thus, for fun, the Romans called the muscles the Latin word musculus, which translates as a mouse. The comparison turned out to be so successful that this word is used to this day. Their work "mouse" is performed due to the ability to shrink. Skeletal muscles are attached by tendons to the periosteum, connective layer of the skin or to another muscle.

Tendons are built of dense connective tissue. They are extremely durable and can withstand a serious load. In the muscle tissue, nerves pass through which signals from the spinal cord come in, and blood vessels that provide the whole complex system with fuel. Depending on the structure distinguish smooth muscle, striated, as well as the heart muscle, or myocardium.

Smooth muscles

This kind of muscle tissue is not visible to the eye, as, for example, human skeletal muscles. The scheme from the anatomical atlas also does without them. Smooth muscles form the walls of hollow internal organs, such as the bladder, intestines, stomach and genital organs. Also, this type of muscle tissue forms blood vessels, along which blood and lymph move.

Unlike skeletal, smooth muscles do not obey our will. This ensures the uninterrupted operation of the most important body systems, interference in which could lead to negative consequences. Smooth muscle tissue is very plastic - it stretches well and can stay in this condition for a long time without losing tension. This type of muscle is reduced slowly, which is perfectly suited for those duties that are assigned to it.

Striated muscles

Those muscles in which our skeleton is dressed are called cross-striped. These are the most visible muscles of a person, the arrangement of their location allows our body to perform the whole range of movements to which we are accustomed. The mass of these muscles is about 40% of the total body weight in men and 30% in women. Each muscle is attached to the skeleton so that when it contracts, it moves in one of the joints. The scheme of the arrangement of the muscles of a man resembles a mechanism that moves the body through a system of blocks and levers.

Depending on the work performed, the muscles can be synergists or antagonists. Synergists act together to accomplish the task, while antagonists do the opposite job. That is, when the muscle is contracting, its antagonist must relax, so that movement occurs. The easiest way to understand this principle is with the example of the biceps and triceps. If you need to bend your arm, then the biceps muscle tenses, and the three-headed muscle relaxes. For the extension of the hand, the opposite process is required. However, this does not always happen, for example, to hold the load on an outstretched hand, we will need to use both the biceps and the triceps. In this case, they will act as muscle-synergists.

Muscle contraction does not always happen with stress. If only the length of the muscle changes, then this mode of operation is called isotonic. If the muscle tension occurs, and its length remains the same, then such a load is called isometric.

Another interesting muscle is the heart. Not for nothing it is called the main engine of our body. His continuous work ensures the life of a person, driving the liters of blood inside him. This organ consists of a cross-striated muscle tissue, which, unlike the skeletal, collected in bundles, in some places intertwined. This structure allows the heart to quickly contract. Unlike skeletal muscles, the myocardium does not obey our commands, but works autonomously.

Nervous system

Within each muscle stretched the main lines of nerves and blood vessels. Certainly, it is the brain that is the starting point of the nerve impulse, but without the spinal cord, there would be no opportunity to competently organize the muscles of a person. The scheme of the future movement is formed precisely in the bowels of the spinal cord, from where the ordered signal enters the muscle. Thanks to this, the muscles work in concert, for example, when any muscle is excited, the inhibitor of its antagonist is inhibited. At the same time, if necessary, they can both be excited if the desired signal is generated.

On the nerve fiber there is a feedback, thanks to which the brain knows the state of the muscle. Control this complex system of motoneurons, which receive signals in two ways. One is for conscious action, the other for reflex and automatic, such as walking, breathing, or running.

Groups of human muscles

Muscles can be divided into separate groups, each of which has its own characteristics. The scheme of the structure of the human muscles assumes their conditional division into:

• Four-headed.

• Three-headed.

• Calf.

• Trapezoidal.

• Abdominal muscles.

• Leading.

• Muscles of the shoulders.

• Muscles of the back.

• Flexors of the arms.

• Extensor arms.

• Gluteal.

• Leading muscles.

• Flexors of wrists.

• Extensor wrists.

• Scapper clamps.

• Sciatic-tibial muscles.

• Lumbar.

These groups include the basic muscles of a person, the layout of which is partially reflected in these groups.

Muscles and man

The work of muscles is very important for health, maintaining them in a tone is the key to a long and active life. Unfortunately, many know about this, actively discuss the role of sport in the formation of good health, but continue to lead a sedentary lifestyle. Thus, whole groups of human muscles remain unused. A sedentary lifestyle causes atrophy of muscle tissue, diseases of the cardiovascular system. The pampered heart can no longer endure even insignificant loads, like the lungs, the volume of which inevitably decreases. Remember, it is impossible to stay healthy if your muscles are constantly dormant. Give them work - and the result will not take long.