Political program: description, features, types and characteristics

Politics is an important sphere in modern society, because it determines its development. People who deal with it must have a certain qualification level and a conceptual program in which the goals they want to achieve are stipulated. That's what we'll talk about.

What is a political program?

This is an exposition of the platform of the party or state (or its individual institutions). It outlines the main provisions that relate to the objectives of their activities, as well as ways to achieve them. These are promises given to voters about the implementation of certain actions after coming to power. The socio-political program can be conceptual (that is, very brief) or, conversely, detailed and large. The first is often called strategic. This is because they offer common goals and only fundamental ways to achieve them. Detailed called tactical programs for their study. One of the parameters of democracy is the indicator of the implementation of the program during the stay of the politician in power.

Content

In the designed programs there are two points:

1. Management (technological). This aspect serves as the basis for future actions that are implemented upon coming to power.
2. Ideological (speculative). Given that a set of political weight requires certain actions, there is also program populism. In this case, the party relies on specific trends or traditions that exist in society.

If we consider the situation in the Russian Federation, and indeed in the entire space of the former USSR, it is worth noting one rather paradoxical fact: all political programs are very similar. Also, they are not fully implemented (at best only partially implemented). This indicates that the parties claiming power are weak.

Kinds

Programs of political activity are divided into active and opposition. To the opposition parties include that they are striving for power. The primary goal of these programs is to win the electorate. Their main task is to ensure that the party wins the election. They are based, as a rule, criticism of the authorities, political rivals, as well as promises for voters. It should be noted that the programs have a largely propagandistic nature, and therefore their divergence from reality is very few people can surprise. But the correspondence of statements to real actions allows us to speak about the adequacy of the party's political position. The current programs of those who are currently in power, assume the existence of ultimate goals, as well as the order of actions that will be taken to achieve them.

Ideological diversity

Depending on what goals the party pursues in its program, it is announced:

1. Social-Democratic. He stands for increasing the role and participation of the state in public life, as well as in the management of the economy. At the same time, the preservation of fundamental freedoms is envisaged.
2. Communist. They want to implement the full nationalization of the economy in order to distribute wealth among people in the interests of everyone. They also want to establish full control over the sphere of health care, education and so on.
3. The liberal. There is an orientation towards the denationalization of the economy, as well as some other spheres of life. At the same time, ideally, there is a course aimed at reducing the participation of the bureaucratic apparatus in the life of the whole society.
4. Clerical. They adhere to a certain religious ideology and have a plan to integrate it into social and political life.
5. Nationalistic. Proclaims a policy in which representatives of a certain nationality have the greatest value for the state. A number of actions are carried out that contribute to their prosperity: an increase in the birth rate, the standard of living, and so on.
6. Fascist. It builds its activities on the basis of relevant ideas.

Kinds depending on the mode of action

In this case, the programs of political activity are divided into two types:

1. Reformist. Provide for a gradual transformation of the society, during which legal means are used to influence the power or to obtain it.
2. Revolutionary. Provide for the transformation of society, during which the means of struggle are used, which are declared illegal by this state system and political regime.

The political movement and its program

This is what voluntary formation is called, which arises as a result of the conscious and free striving of citizens to unite on the basis of a community of interests. It should be noted that the political movement focuses more on the present state and the desired goals of a certain group of people than on program installations. Also a feature of this form of organization is that their concepts rarely provide for the achievement of power. In the mass they only act on it in the necessary direction.

Goals and objectives in the perception of voters

Socio-political programs we perceive as obligations that are given by specific people or parties to the people. Ideally, their failure should put an end to a political career. But in practice, we can observe a number of discrepancies or even contradictions, which have a political program and real actions. Often the reason for this is the inability to realize the stated goals. It is impossible to fulfill pre-election promises in difficult political conditions. Therefore, the political program often contains not only its own constructive proposals, but also a reference to the negative result of the activities of its competitors, as well as their problems.

The difference between modern concepts of the vision of society

At one time politicians arose as representatives of a certain part of the population. Modern programs of political parties, blocs and movements that are striving for power and occupying public positions are made taking into account the interests of the entire population. This is the result of the evolution of ideological doctrines, as a result of which the main political competitors have identical views on a number of positions. One can say that modern programs are a marketing tool whose purpose is to obtain or retain power. A good example in this case is the Russian reality. Despite the fact that there is significant competition, it is difficult to find differences in social and economic concepts. Exceptions are individual movements and parties. Instead of discussing the mechanisms for solving real problems, one can often only notice the advancement of slogans that affect the public consciousness, since they state the real difficulties in public life. Given that it is difficult to determine the true positions of competing parties or associations, voters often focus not on political programs, but on the image of specific people. It has both pluses and minuses. Let's consider the programs of political parties in Russia. What are they fighting for? What are the objectives pursued?

Russian reality

We have the main political parties (and their programs represented in the State Duma), as well as a number of smaller organizations. Consider them all will not work because of their significant number. Therefore, attention will be paid to those who have a certain power, and only in general terms. This will help us with the table. The programs of political parties are described only in general terms.

Conclusion

It should be noted that Russia's political programs are not limited to the above-mentioned in their diversity. So, every politician is looking for his own group of people, who will support his ideas.

It should be noted that the programs of parties of different directions have their own "points of support". Also, their goal is not only to search for followers, but also to "recruit" people from other political camps.