Methods of drilling wells. Drilling, impact-rope, rotary

For a more comfortable stay in a country house requires the construction of sewerage and water supply. It is difficult to imagine a dwelling without such communications. After all, water is required not only for cooking, but also for watering crops. Its absence significantly complicates life.

Shock-rope drilling allows to solve similar problems. With this method, you can easily get water. It is worth noting that such work can be done independently. The main thing is to know how to properly drill a well and what is required for this.

The main types of wells

If desired, it is possible to conduct the impact-cable drilling by yourself. A photo of the finished structure is shown below. Before starting work, it is necessary to determine the type of well. There are several of them:

1. Tubular well. Its depth is from 8 to 12 meters. Verkhovodka, dust, dirt, as well as foreign elements in this case does not enter the water intended for drinking.
2. Well in sandy soil usually make a depth of 15-30 meters. In this case, the screw method is used. The device for the well is a metal sleeve, at the end of which there is a section with perforations. The filter is mounted in sand of coarse fraction with impurities of pebbles. In general, the structure can last about 5 years with rare use, and with frequent - up to 15. Flushing the structure is carried out after siltation. If this does not work, then a new well is drilled nearby.
3. Artesian. The depth of this well is 15-200 meters. This indicator depends on the depth of occurrence of the limestone layers. The operational period is 50 years.

Drilling technology

At the moment there are several technologies:

1. Drilling the cable-cable.
2. Rotary.
3. Screw.

Technologies differ among themselves in the way of destruction of certain breeds, as well as methods of extracting soil from the trunk. Each method involves the use of special equipment, which affects the quality of the work carried out differently. The cost of drilling the well depends on this.

Drilling, rock-rolling

This method is the simplest and relatively inexpensive. Feature of the technology is the lack of the need for heavy equipment. The installation for drilling a well can be mounted independently. It takes a little time and effort. Shock-rope drilling by one's own hands is the most popular method, which allows to open aquifer layers directly from the surface.

The main advantages of this method:

1. Long service life.
2. Allows you to control the water content of the horizon, as well as the water level.
3. You can punch a well of large diameter.
4. Excludes the risk of getting into the water intended for drinking, harmful impurities during drilling.
5. Efficiency and profitability when carrying out work in the winter.

What will be required

To drill a borehole with a cable and cable method, special tools must be purchased. As a rule, this requires:

1. Block and winch.
2. Cable.
3. Machine for clogging.
4. Mounting frame.
5. Barbell.

The main element of the design is a driving glass. In addition, a piece of pipe made of steel is required. It must be sloped inwards. The cut must have a cutting edge at the very bottom. An anvil is placed above the driving glass. It is on it with the help of the bar are struck. The winch allows to lower and raise the driving glass.

How the installation works

How is the cable boring? Machines for this can be made independently. The main thing is to imagine how this works. The effect of the installation is as follows:

1. Thanks to the frictional force, the rock enters the driving glass and is held in it.
2. To penetrate deep into the soil, a bar is used, which rushes to the anvil.
3. When the driving glass is filled with soil, it rises and then clears.
4. These actions should be performed until the required depth is reached.

Drilling the impact-cable is better to apply in those places where the soil is non-friable, clayey and soft.

How to punch a well on loose soil

If there is free-flowing soil on the site, it will be more difficult to drill a well . This requires a bailer. This part is a pipe made of steel and having a lower check valve at the bottom.

This allows you to significantly simplify the process. When the element is lowered into the ground, the valve opens. As a result, soil gets into the pipe. When lifting, the valve closes. After removal, the bailer is cleaned. After this, the procedure is repeated.

So that the ground does not fall off while drilling, you can use casing pipes. They are hammered into the soil at each depression. At the first stage, this element must have an expansion shoe with a conical shape. In order for the machine to move without difficulty, its diameter should be smaller than the dimensions of the casing. Only in this case it is possible to go deeper into the soil to the required level. Shock-rope drilling with a casing pipe is used not only on free-flowing soil.

How to pierce a well in hard rocky soil

On hard rocky ground, the wells are pierced using a bit. Under its impact, the destruction of rocks. Then it is extracted with a bailer. For installation of casing pipes it is necessary to use the expander. Thanks to him, the required diameter for the passage of the structure is provided.

Element plugging is carried out in those layers of soil that are located below the level of occurrence of aquifers. After this, it is necessary to pump out the accumulated liquid, as well as to cleanse the soil and the mixture of bottom-hole water. This is done with a bailer.

A few tips

Drilling a rock-wire system is a simple process. If you follow certain rules, you can get a well with clean water. The main thing is to follow the recommendations of specialists:

1. If a rock drill is being drilled using a driving glass, a bit of soil should be poured before starting the work. This method allows you to create a viscous mass, and also to facilitate work.
2. The cable must be strong enough. This indicator is very important. After all, a lot depends on the rope. First of all, will this element of the construction be able to stall the load glass. It is best to use a cable made of steel. Its diameter should be more than 1.2 centimeters.
3. When installing the structure, make sure that it is strictly vertical. If there are deviations, then the casing pipes simply will not fall. As a result, the drilling process will have to be stopped.
4. Drilling of wells with a length of up to 2 meters greatly simplifies drilling.

Casing mounting features

For an already completed well, an additional casing is usually mounted. It can be integral and made of an asbestos cement pipe, as well as its individual segments.

The process of working with such material requires caution and increased attention. Otherwise the structure will not be free to sink. All the links of the pipe must be securely secured and kept from sliding. To fix them, you should use the staples. These fragments are subsequently closed with strips of stainless steel sheets.