Sightwells: characteristics and construction

Sewer system, like any other, has in the composition of different elements, which are designed to ensure the most effective work. These include inspection wells, which are necessary for servicing and monitoring the state of the system. Arrangement of inspection wells is required when changing the inclination of the collectors, the diameter of the pipes and their direction.

Varieties of manholes

Sightwells, depending on the design features, can refer to one of the species. Among them it is necessary to distinguish: linear, rotary, nodal, control, flushing, delta, and also those that have enlarged dimensions of the hatch. Linear are located on straight sections, rotary are used in those places where the sewage line changes its direction. Nodal well is located in those places where several branches are connected. Such a node can have no more than three feeders and one outlet pipe. If it is a large collector, the design is called a connecting chamber. Control wells should be equipped in the places where the yard, factory, and intra-quarter network is connected to the street one. Wash wells are located in primary areas, where precipitation is possible due to low speed. Their necessity arises when a flushing of pipes is required.

Design

Sightwells may be of a particular type, but, as a rule, they have similar design features. They contain the following elements: throat, tray, hatch, working chamber and base. They can be made from different materials, namely: plastic, reinforced concrete blocks, brick or stone. If the well is located on the territory without paving, then around the construction of a blind area is required, it is necessary for effective water drainage. Sightwells in the plan most often have the form of a rectangle or circle. The base is made of reinforced concrete slabs, which are mounted on a crushed stone pillow. In the design, the pipeline passes into the tray, which is the main technological part. It is necessary for the movement of sewage. Its overall height should not be less than the diameter of a larger pipe. It is made of monolithic concrete using templates. On the two sides of the tray are mounted shelves, on which the working surfaces are located. These elements should have a small slope, directed towards the tray.

What else is necessary to know about the design features of the manhole

Sewage wells are equipped with stairs and staples for descent. And their height is most often equal to 1800 millimeters, the diameter should correspond to the diameter of the pipe. The throat, as a rule, has a standard size, which is equal to 700 millimeters. The hatch of inspection wells should be located at a height in the range from 70 to 200 millimeters above ground level. This element performs the role of protecting the camera from clogging. It protects people from accidents. As a material for the hatch can be used cast iron, as well as polymer materials, the latter of which are strong, durable and lightweight. Cast-iron hatches, though more massive, but indispensable for laying on the roadway, where they will be subjected to heavy loads.

Characteristics of a manhole

Previously, the wells were made of reinforced concrete and brick, but today plastic pits are used more often , which have the qualities of high rigidity. In the West, this technology has been practiced for a very long time. The low frost resistance of this material has not added popularity to these products in Russia for some time, but today modern plastics are suitable for the harshest climate. The structures of plastic do not differ from reinforced concrete almost nothing. The structure has a base, a telescopic cover and a shaft pipe. Sometimes there are rings of inspection wells, as well as a hatch and a stove. Plastic systems have many advantages over reinforced concrete, since they have exhaust holes fitted to the dimensions of the sewer pipes. If we are talking about reinforced concrete systems, they require changing the holes for the pipes and their formation, which provides for temporary and financial costs.

Despite the fact that plastic wells seem fragile enough, reliability can be distinguished among their characteristics, because such products can undergo high pressure. If, considering one of the elements of the sewage system, you found the marking 3634 99 - hatches of manholes in front of you. They can have special rainwater receivers, each of which belongs to its class by load. The most common are the following classes: class B, which is capable of underloading up to 12.5 tons, as well as class D, it can withstand up to 40 tons of load during operation.

Characteristics of drainage manholes from plastic

Well drainage viewing from plastic has recently been increasingly purchased by buyers. This is because it can be used for a fairly wide temperature range from -25 to +45 degrees. The inner surface of the pipe is smooth, which facilitates easy cleaning. Drainage wells are used to connect drainage pipelines and the subsequent collection of drainage water. The height of the core pipe and the number of terminals can be selected by the customer individually, everything will depend on the terrain. Such designs are ready to serve more than 50 years, and they are based on polypropylene pipes. Pipes of inspection wells have a withdrawal diameter in the range from 63 to 200 millimeters, whereas the diameter of the core pipe is standard and equal to 315 millimeters.

Distance between manhole types of linear type

The distance between the linear manholes will depend on the diameter of the pipe. Thus, if the diameter is 50 millimeters, the distance is 35 millimeters. If the diameter is more than 2000 millimeters, the step between the wells should be 300 meters. With an average value ranging from 700 to 900 millimeters, you should remove the wells from each other by a distance of 100 millimeters.

Depth of occurrence of sewer pipes of a manhole

The installation of a sewage inspection well must be completed by installing sewer pipes. The depth of their laying can vary from 30 to 40 centimeters, but here it is important to take into account the slope of the pipe in the ground, it should be one centimeter for each meter of the route. It is also not worth to get carried away with a slope, as entering the well should be higher, which will contribute to a minimum loss of volumes. Do not forget about the waterproofing of sewerage wells. When digging a trench, you do not need to dig a notch of too much depth, even if you plan to pour ground under the pipe. It is best to leave a small reserve, as sprinkled soil can persist with time, which will cause the loss of the slope of the route. It is forbidden to place objects under the track, as they can damage the pipe.

Conclusion

Do not refuse to purchase plastic elements in favor of reinforced concrete before the installation of inspection wells, since they are absolutely hermetic, lend themselves to stacking quite simply compared to heavy analogues, and also have a low cost. When installing, you do not need the use of special equipment, as well as during loading and unloading, you can even carry out this work without assistance. Such elements are easy to exploit, as they do not require the need for frequent cleaning. In the process of their production environmentally friendly materials are used.