Mental properties, states and processes. general characteristics

The psychic world of man is a multifaceted system that constantly changes in the process of life activity. But modernization will be impossible without improving the functioning of its components. Therefore, it is necessary to consider mental processes, properties and states as the basis for the manifestation of a person's inner life. Let us dwell on this in more detail.

Mental processes are a form of existence of the inner world of man, because it is not static and is formed in the process of interaction of the individual with the environment. Therefore, they need to be considered only in dynamics and in development. Mental processes are included in the most complex activities and are divided into the following classes:

• Cognitive (cognitive), which provide reflection in the consciousness of the surrounding world (perception, sensations, representation, memory, attention, imagination, thinking);
• Emotional-volitional, which provide features of activity and behavior (motivation, volitional efforts, control processes, goal-setting, decision-making);
• Communicative, which promote interaction with other people.

In the structure of personality they are a more static and stable characteristic.

In contrast, mental states function for a short period of time. Classification is made on the following grounds:

• By the form and level of emotionality (sadness, shame, joy, aggressiveness, etc.);
• By intensity;
• By level of physiological resource;
• Mental stress;
• By the duration of the condition itself;
• On the mood (unfavorable, favorable).

Mental properties are stable and constantly manifested characteristics of a person, which are determined by the characteristics of his activities and behavior. After a certain time, they have the feature of stabilizing and forming some constant quality.

Mental properties can change and evolve as long as a person will function and improve. The main ones are:

• Character;
• The direction of personality ;
• Abilities;
• temperament.

Let us consider in more detail these mental properties of the personality.

Temperament is an individual quality of a person, which determines the features of its course in mental processes and activities. So, the choleric is fast, impetuous, unbalanced, quick-tempered, quickly annoyed, impatient. Sanguine will perform the task when he is interested, but is able to maintain self-control in any situation. In addition, this type of temperament is characterized by communicability and initiative. Phlegmatic differs calm, even, persistent, stubborn character. He is cautious and judicious, but not so sociable. Melanchol is a weak type of nervous system. He is impressionable, pessimistic, indecisive, sensitive and closed.

As noted, mental properties also include abilities (special and general), which are characterized by efficiency and speed in mastering activities. Their combination is denoted as giftedness, and a high degree is talent.

The basic psychic properties in the structure of the personality are the direction (includes the goals that the person sets for himself, his aspirations and motives, his interests, his interests) and his character. The latter represents a set of pronounced, stable states that are typical of him).

As practice shows, mental properties are characterized by the fact that they are constantly manifested in the actions and actions of man.