Means of work in a primitive society

Means of labor have always played an important role in the evolution of mankind and in some ways have served as a criterion for its development. It is not for nothing that cultural and historical periods are associated and named according to the materials from which the person created the tool of labor. So, cultural epochs are named as follows: the stone age, the bronze age and the iron age. At the dawn of its development, mankind has significantly stepped forward when it found that the stone can greatly facilitate life and hunting.

Primitive tools: the origin and material

The prehistoric period of the development of mankind is called the stone age, because at that time people could not write yet, but they were able to create tools for their own expansion, and at the end of this period they were able to domesticate animals.

The first tools were made of stone, but sometimes wood, bone, and clay, serving as a dish, were used. The addition of materials took place gradually, so it can not be said that all these materials began to be used overnight.

Stone tools for cutting were made of silicon and limestone shales. Basalt and sandstone were used as working tools (for example, a hand mill).

The counting of this period began when one hominid thought to take a stone and use it for domestic purposes, which happened about 3 million years ago. From that moment a new turn in history began and the transformation of man into what he is now. The hominid learned to use the stone for his own purposes, improving the technologies by which in the 19th century the stone age was classified for 2 periods: the Neolithic and the Paleolithic, and the latter, in turn, were divided into several periods.

The first means of labor: technology

To obtain an elementary flake (thin, with a sharp edge of the cleaved), it was necessary to take a series of successive actions: to find a suitable stone, a place on it, if you hit it at a certain angle and calculate the force, you would obtain a tool of the necessary form. This is a rather difficult task, and it is all the more difficult the higher the prescribed requirements for the form. In archeology there is such a thing as retouching: it means a system of small-sized chipping, which was used by ancient people.

The mastery of technology, the description of which fit into a couple of sentences, took a very long time for the ancient people, and its improvement occurred from one epoch to another.

Means of labor from bone

During the Late Paleolithic (about 45-10 thousand years ago) a man of a modern type appeared, but a number of scientists believe that he appeared much earlier, about 200 thousand years ago. This same time is associated with the introduction of the use of tools from the bone, tusks and horns. As it turned out, they are slightly more plastic than stone, and at the same time more solid than wood, and therefore convenient. Then it became a real discovery and a harbinger of changes in the lives of people who learned to make darts, spears, long knives (which were easier and more convenient than stone ones).

Means of labor from the bones made it easier for people to remove skins from killed animals, because it became possible to make the appropriate tools and thin needles, which, according to archaeologists, are almost inferior in their diameter and sharpness to modern metal. People learned how to sew clothes from skins, instead of threads using tendons.

From the tusks and horns made special tools for digging dugouts and pantry pits. It is interesting that at this time people did not only things of practical purpose, but also jewelry, which were also made of bone.

Processing of tools from the bone

In order to produce the necessary product from the usual horn, people sometimes used the same technique as for the stone: they removed flakes and chipped, and then the necessary thing was made from the piece.

However, new technologies were used more often: cutting, cutting and planing. People did not stop at what had been achieved and perfected the objects of labor, polishing them to shine.

During this period, an object appeared that became a sign of significant development - a silicon scraper consisting of different materials: stone and wood or stone and bone. The combinations were different, but it meant that the man had learned to create by his own hands objects that helped him survive and show incredible ability to survive, and eventually led to the emergence of our civilization.