Lathe turret lathes. Lathe turret lathe. Schemes, description, characteristics

A lathe is a special kind of equipment intended for processing internal and external surfaces of bodies of revolution (mainly conical and cylindrical), threading and other similar work. There are many types of equipment of this type. One of the most popular and common models is the turret lathe.

A bit of history

Similar to the lathe tools began to be used by man in the second millennium BC. In 1949, Professor B. Kuftin, when excavating one of the settlements in Georgia, found a cutter, which has cutting edges on both sides of the rod. It was used for processing not only wood, but also gold, and also silver.

Similar equipment was used later. For example, during the Renaissance, Leonardo da Vinci was engaged in the elaboration of a rather complex device designed to produce bodies of revolution. The prototype of the modern machine tool was created in the late 19th century, during the time of the technical revolution.

Main types of turning equipment

At present, such types of machines are used in production:

• Frontal;

• Screw-cutting;

• Carrousel;

• Revolving.

Also for the manufacture and processing of parts of various kinds of tools and equipment are used automatic and semiautomatic devices.

Revolving lathes: description

This common variety is used for almost all types of turning operations. More often, the equipment of the revolver type is used in medium and large-scale production for the manufacture of parts of complex configuration. Depending on the raw materials used, lathe turrets are divided into cartridge and bar. In the first case, special blanks are used for the production of finished products. In the second part are made of rods.

Lathe turret lathes: advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of working with equipment of this type include, first of all, a high speed of processing and manufacturing of parts. Also, revolving machines are convenient in that the process of recessing blanks on them can be carried out using software. CNC machines have been most widely used at enterprises. Also, the advantages of this equipment include a low level of waste when processing parts and the ability to quickly replace or sharpen a blunt instrument.

Quite a high cost - this is perhaps the only drawback that distinguish such lathes. Prices for equipment of this variety range from 120-250 thousand rubles. The models with CNC are even more expensive - an average of about 750 thousand rubles.

In what cases is the use of revolver machines rational?

Equipment of this type is usually used when the workpiece must undergo several processing steps. For the production of the part, the corresponding working tools of the machine are periodically put into operation: drills, cutters, taps, sweeps. On turret lathes, such operations as boring, thread rolling, drilling, turning, reaming are possible.

Equipment of this type is used for the manufacture of polyhedral or round parts with a thickness of 20 to 200 mm. Sometimes such machines are equipped with special clamps. In this case, they can handle small pieces with a thickness of 15-25 mm.

Modern lathe turret lathes are used mainly:

• At large metalworking enterprises;

• In mechanical engineering;

• In the field of transport repair;

• At the enterprises which are engaged in manufacturing of the household and building tool.

Varieties

Lathe turret lathes according to their technical characteristics are divided into:

• Machines with a transverse mechanism of rotation;

• The device with a support moving in the longitudinal direction.

On the machines of the latter variety, operations on the deployment of workpieces, threading, drilling and turning are most often performed. In addition, this type of equipment can be used for leveling the end part of parts or for cutting it. Machines with a transverse mechanism of rotation are designed to work with parts that have shaped surfaces.

In addition to the usual in modern industries, often used equipment such as a lathe bench. The advantage of this type is basically a fairly compact size. Machines of this type are convenient to use in small auto repair shops, educational institutions, etc. Equipment of this variety is mainly intended for manufacturing small parts.

The lathe desktop machine can perform all the same functions as a conventional one. These devices are controlled mostly by electronics, which virtually eliminates the possibility of a marriage. The lathe of this version is fastened to a table or special stand.

Principle of operation

The procedure for manufacturing parts on equipment such as a universal turret lathe looks like this:

• Install the main and auxiliary cutting tools.

• A clamping mechanism is attached to the workpieces.

• Adjust the device, designed to adjust the amplitude of the movement of the slide and feed the blanks.

• Mount handles and cams that provide the necessary speed of movement of the working mechanism.

• Produce the required type of work.

Design Features

The main elements of the turret lathe are:

1. Stand. It is a cast iron casting consisting of an upper frame, a base and a gearbox. The latter is necessary for the operator to be able to switch the rotation speed of the working member under load or on the move.

2. Gearbox. This node transmits torque to the spindle head.

3. Revolver Caliper. This mechanism is responsible for the movement of the cutting organ in the longitudinal and transverse directions.

4. Turret. It contains all the tool kits needed for machining. In form turrets are cylindrical and prismatic.

The scheme of a turret of the revolving type of the simplest structure is presented below.

Specifications

The main parameters that you need to pay attention when buying such equipment as a universal turret lathe are the maximum diameters of the processed rod or part over the support and frame. When choosing this equipment, you should also pay attention to the size of the working area. This parameter determines the maximum length of the workpiece, as well as the speed of the machine.

The technical characteristics of turrets can thus be different. The table below shows the data for one of the most common models - 1B340F30.

The unloading of parts from the working area of this machine is carried out with the help of a special mechanism. The working body itself has an automated clamping unit for round and hexagonal bars, as well as piece blanks.

A few other specifications have a popular lathe-turret lathe 1341. This is somewhat cheaper equipment with a capacity of 5.5 kW. The maximum permissible diameter of the workpiece is the same as for the previous model, 200 mm, and the spindle rotation speed is 60-2000 rpm.

Advantages of models with numerical control

As already mentioned, automated turret lathes (the prices are rather high, but the convenience of use completely compensates for it) have recently become very popular. In most cases, models of this type have a computerized control unit. Such equipment differs from usual with the following advantages:

• The maximum precision of the workpiece;

• No need to perform any kind of calculations;

• Full work safety.

The operator's role in the use of equipment such as turret lathe with CNC, is minimized. The software, which is the control element of the device, is developed by specialists using various programming languages.

Modern turret lathes whose characteristics speak for themselves, thus, are able to perform the most complex tasks of manufacturing parts for various kinds of industrial, construction and household equipment. To work on them is most convenient, and the products made with their use are of the highest quality.