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Konstantin Chernenko - General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee

After the death of Yu. Andropov, General Secretary of the Communist Party, Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko was elected to his post. For many, this appointment was a surprise, since the new secretary-general had multiple health problems and, apparently, did not claim this position at all. As a result, he stayed on his post for not more than a year and died of acute cardiac and hepatic insufficiency.

Konstantin Chernenko, biography: early life

The future secretary general was born in 1911 on September 11 in a peasant family. His childhood was spent in a remote Siberian village of Bolshaya Tes (flooded with the waters of the Krasnoyarsk reservoir in 1972 ) in the Yenisei province. Its roots come from Little Russia (Ukraine). Back in the 18th century, the ancestors of Chernenko settled on the banks of the Yenisei River and began to engage in farming. His father, Ustin Demidovich, after the death of his first wife, mother of Constantine and the other three children, married for the second time. But the relationship with her stepmother with two stepchildren and two stepdaughters did not work out, and they had a hard life in their father's house. Just as a child Constantine Chernenko worked on local kulaks. Like all Soviet children, he was accepted into the pioneers, and at the age of 14 joined the ranks of the Komsomol. And in 1926-1929. Studied at a rural youth school in the city of Novoselovo.

Service

In 1931, K.Chernenko was drafted into the army. He was sent to one of the border military units located in Hogos, on the territory of the Soviet Republic of Kazakhstan (on the border with China). Over the two years of service, Konstantin Chernenko has repeatedly shown himself best: he took part in the liquidation of the legendary Bekmuratov gang, became a member of the CPSU (B.), Was elected secretary of the party organization of the border posts.

Carier start

Returning from the service, Chernenko appointed director of the regional party education in the city of Krasnoyarsk. Together with this he becomes the head of the agitation and propaganda department in Novoselovsky and Uyar districts. After the outbreak of the Patriotic War, he was elected secretary of the Communist Party of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. For sure, many, after reading the biography of Konstantin Chernenko, will be surprised at his luck and ask the question: how did he manage to advance so quickly in the service? There is a version that in this played a big role his sister, Valentine, who was the "friend" of the first secretary of the communist party of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, comrade O. Aristov.

Military and post-war years

Since 1943-1945 years. He receives a referral to Moscow for study at a higher school of party organizers. In a word, throughout the war Konstantin Chernenko, whose photo is posted in the article, spent in the rear and did not participate in any of the fighting. Nevertheless, during this period he received one award - "For Valiant Labor." While still a student of a party school, he receives an appointment as secretary of the regional committee of the Penza region, where he works until 1948. Then from the center he receives an order to move to the Moldavian SSR and head the department of propaganda and agitation of the Central Committee of the Republic.

Introduction to Brezhnev

In Chisinau, Chernenko meets Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev. This meeting becomes a turning point in his fate. Two men begin to feel strong sympathy for each other, which soon turns into a strong friendship. After that, their careers are intertwined in the most intractable way. In 1953, at the age of 42, Chernenko, in absentia, graduated from the Pedagogical Institute of Chisinau and received a diploma of higher education. Three years later, returning to Moscow, not without the patronage of Leonid Ilyich, he receives the post of head of the propaganda department of the CPSU Central Committee, and from 1960 to 1965. Headed by the secretariat of the USSR PVS. In the same year, Chernenko became the head of the Central Department of the Central Committee, where he worked until 1982. In the same period he became secretary of the KP. For many members of the Central Committee it becomes clear that the most approximate person for the new secretary general is Chernenko Konstantin Ustinovich. The years of Brezhnev 's rule were for him the most fruitful, and he ascended the career ladder almost to the very top. In addition to the posts he held officially, he acted as Leonid Ilyich's most trusted person. Many envied him, but were also afraid.

Eminence grise

Sometimes it seemed that the country is ruled not by Brezhnev, but by Konstantin Chernenko, because he performed many functions for the secretary general. And then he was nicknamed the "gray cardinal", because they guessed that all the important decisions came from him. Leonid Ilyich practically in all was considered with his opinion. In a word, Chernenko became an irreplaceable person for him. To all other things, Brezhnev felt that from Bones (as he kindly called him) there was no threat to his power, since he felt comfortable in the "position" of the right hand of the leader of the country.

Trips

Brezhnev's dependence on Chernenko reached such a level that he could not step without him. Chernenko accompanied the secretary general on foreign trips. In 1975, they paid an official visit to Finland, and in 1979 they went to Austria. There were several more visits to the socialist countries.

Personal life

K. Chernenko twice married. His first wife was Faina Vasilievna, who gave birth to his son and daughter. Several years of married life showed that their marriage was a mistake, and the couple broke up. Nevertheless, Konstantin Ustinovich cared for his children, and later engaged in their promotion on the career ladder. In this way, his very son became the first secretary of the city committee of the city of Tomsk as a completely young man. The daughter, Vera, had the opportunity to go to study in Washington. The second time Konstantin Ustinovich married in 1944. Anna Dmitrievna became his new wife. A wise, calculating woman. They say that she was able to give the right advice to her husband and that it was she who contributed to the birth of a strong friendship between Brezhnev and Chernenko.

Prophecies ... belatedly

Since 1974, Brezhnev was seriously ill. And his entourage, of course, thought about who would become his successor. Since in those years Chernenko was the closest person to the secretary general, it was he who was considered the main candidate for the post of head of state. However, when in November 1982 Brezhnev died in a dream, Gromyko and Andropov were the first to call him. Today, the details of the day of the Soviet leader's death are already known, and some details give rise to reflection. At the bed of the deceased in a narrow circle it was decided that on the post of General Secretary Brezhnev would be replaced ... no, not Chernenko, but Yuri Andropov. However, he did not have to take this position for long, and a year later the prophecies were fulfilled: Konstantin Ustinovich became the head of the Soviet Union. There is a version that his decision was facilitated by a decision secretly accepted by the "aging" politburo dreaming of restoration, or rather, resuscitation of the Brezhnev era.

Chernenko Konstantin Ustinovich: foreign and domestic policy

February 13, 1984, two months before the death of Yu Andropov, the country learned the name of the new secretary general. They became Konstantin Chernenko - the same gray cardinal under the rule of Brezhnev. He was 73 years old, and he had serious health problems. Nevertheless, the new secretary-general took an active part in the creation of the new Constitution of the USSR. During the years of service to the Fatherland, he was awarded three times the Order of the Golden Star and the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.

In April of the same year, after the death of Andropov, he was elected chairman of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces. For a short time of his reign, despite frequent deterioration of health, Chernenko still managed to mark him with several important events. With him, several reforms of school education were carried out. September 1 in the country officially became known as the Day of Knowledge. Chernenko drew attention to the detrimental impact on young people of western rock music, as a result of which the struggle was waged with amateur music groups. As for foreign policy, during his rule, there was a warming of relations with the PRC, as well as with Spain. For the first time in the history of diplomatic relations, the King of Spain arrived in Moscow. But with the US, on the contrary, the relationship has further deteriorated. It was decided to boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.

More details about 390 days of his reign can be found in the book by Viktor Pribytkov "The Apparatus of Konstantin Chernenko". There are many interesting facts that will shed light on that short period in the life of the Soviet Union.

KU Chernenko died in the hospital in 1985, on March 10, and was the last party leader of the USSR, who was buried near the Kremlin walls.

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