Japanese-style garden: design elements. A hedge is a fast-growing perennial. Paths in the garden of stone

In the world there are a huge number of gardens. But none of them compare with Japanese. It can be created on a large territory and a small summer residence. What elements of registration will be needed, from what plants is a hedge, and much more in the article.

Japanese Gardens

The Japanese people express their attitude to nature with landscape art. Over the centuries, the epoch was replaced. But the attitude to nature remained unchanged and remains. The Japanese have it special. In any adversity magnificent gardens for the Japanese people remain the place where a person is calm and cozy.

Types of Japanese gardens are different. For many centuries, the Japanese have created new styles, adding to their design more modern elements. About some of them read below in the article.

Imperial Gardens

They were the very first in Japan. Their creation was greatly influenced by the art of China. The garden in the Japanese style appeared in the country for a long time, in 6-8 centuries. Imperial gardens are not preserved. They were destroyed by internecine wars, fires and natural disasters.

Mandatory components of the gardens of the distant past were islands and lakes. They were built in an artificial way and connected to the shore by a bridge. The garden was a favorite vacation spot for the family of the emperor and the court nobility. They made boat trips on boats along the lake and on foot on the shore. Similar gardens began to create aristocrats.

Gardens of temples and monasteries

They differed in that there were no plants in them or very few. The use of the main components: stones, sand and pebbles - was mandatory. The gardens of temples and monasteries gave rise to a completely new type, which began to be called symbolic or philosophical. They are not found in any part of the world. The garden of stones in Japan is fraught with mystery, incomprehensible to Europeans.

The main principle, which the master adhered to when creating, was imitation of nature and a great desire to learn from her. The main purpose of the garden of stones was the contemplation of what he saw. The territory was necessarily filled with a fence made of bamboo or other wood. The hedge was a living plant.

The fenced area was a special world, where each component is responsible for a certain part of the overall composition plan that symbolizes the universe.

Building a Japanese garden of stones

It was set up on a small rectangular area measuring 30 x 10 meters. Its surface was covered with white gravel. Throughout its territory, fifteen stones were placed, grouped in groups of three.

Each group of stones was framed with green moss. Gravel plowed with rakes. Obtained grooves, similar to the ripples of water. The garden was fenced around the perimeter with a low fence.

The importance of stones in the garden

According to one version, the stones are mountain tops. They pass through the clouds to climb to the sky. According to others, these are islands in the ocean. Someone considers stones a tigress with cubs, which swims the sea with the water boiling in it. Stones are associated with an infinite number of living beings and fictional characters.

This garden in the Japanese style has other riddles. The most incredible is that, looking at the garden from either side, a person sees only fourteen stones. One stone is always invisible. Perhaps Soami - a monk from the monastery - wanted to show the immensity of the world. The invisible stone is commensurate with the non-knowledge of the world in which people live.

Another mystery is the special impact of stones on the human psyche. Looking at them, people focus, they become calm, completely immersed in themselves. In different seasons of the year, the hours of the day a person looks at the stones in different ways and each time finds a new one, peculiar only to him. It is impossible to comprehend the mysteries of the garden of stones. They are mysterious and beautiful.

Landscape style

Japanese gardens are formed in 10-12 centuries. The flowering of art to create gardens and parks was achieved in the 14-16 centuries. The main style is landscape. It was borrowed in China. Based on the traditions of the nation, the culture's identity, the garden in Japanese style was perfected. Elements for creating gardens have not changed for centuries. But there were new ideas for using them in accordance with all the features of a particular era.

This style continues to evolve. Appear its varieties. The landscape style is formed by nature itself: islands, mountains of unprecedented beauty, meandering rivers and unique vegetation.

Abstract style

The garden, created in this style, is reminiscent of a rock garden, where the viewer takes the lead. Each person comprehends what he sees and places his elements as he would like to see them. The garden in Japanese style "Abstract" was created by our contemporary sculptor from Japan. For the work needed gravel, stones and a minimum of vegetation. According to the idea of the author, his creation is called the "Abstract Garden", a kind of which is the garden "Dry Landscape".

Based on the image of water components that do not have anything to do with it. Such gardens create two types:

• The first one is "With water". The main elements are gravel and sand. They symbolize water. Around the stones, rakes are made small grooves parallel to each other, like waves that appear on the surface of the water, if you throw a stone in it. Large longitudinal lines are associated with the serenity of the waves.
• The second option, as it were, tells that there was water, but dry air absorbed it, and she left. This type of abstract landscape can be interesting to decorate your garden. There are many elements involved in its design. The design of the garden in the Japanese style is created using all the same basic components. Of them, waterfalls, rivers, streams are made. All this is accompanied by vegetation. An abstract landscape of natural materials replaces water, which gives the garden its originality.

Tea ceremony

The form of the garden for carrying out this action is nothing new, except for the presence of a vessel for washing hands. Its purpose has changed. In Japan, tea drinking is a ceremony and is a national tradition. At first it was held in monasteries, being a part of the action of a certain ritual. Then it became entertainment at courtiers and, at last, began to be spent in all social strata of a society.

To build it a special house is built. You could go to him bypassing the garden, which helps the participants of the ceremony to get positive emotions. The garden should correspond to the ideals of the ceremony: to be simple, modest, not very charming. The participants of the action should spiritually unite.

Usually the garden is built on a small area. In it there is a path through which the invited come to the house, a bench for waiting for the invitation to the ceremony, a vessel with water, a stone lantern.

Paths in the garden of stone Were uneven, so visitors had to look under their feet, so as not to fall. There were even tracks, people stopped at them and admired the beauty of the garden.

Characteristics of Japanese gardens

Currently, the Japanese style of the garden is a fashionable trend of landscape design. Experts have developed many unique projects, which create unique homestead plots, including a mini-garden in the Japanese style. Typical for them is the presence of flowering plants, waterfalls and lake systems, stone pavilions and paths. A characteristic feature of the Japanese garden is the unity with nature, the creation of landscapes from natural components.

Stones in the Garden

They are the basis of composition, are considered in Japanese culture a symbol of permanence and immutability. Use of the main stones: high and low vertical, curved, inclined and horizontal - in the garden is mandatory. Usually they are placed in groups, each with three stones. The composition uses an odd number, starting at three and ending at fifteen.

The decoration of the garden in the Japanese style is unacceptable with the use of stones of three types:

• Deformed.
• Dead, this means that in the natural environment, their location was one, and in the garden they were given another position.
• Not compatible with other stones.

A garden in the Japanese style at the dacha is made using only one stone from the main group. If necessary, the composition can be supplemented with stones of smaller dimensions, which do not carry a large semantic load. They can be used for bridges, paths and creating sculptures.

Stones garden paths should protrude over the surface a few centimeters. They are laid in straight lines or in groups. Tracks symbolize the life path of man. Here each stone has its own meaning.

If a person during walking puts his feet on a wide stone, located across the track, he should stop and look around. How many components, so many values. But a person does not have to remember everything by heart. To maintain the spirit of a truly Japanese garden, it is important to observe the basic principles - eternity and permanence. The stones look old if the moss grows on them. If you do not want to wait until he grows up, he can be brought from the forest and planted in his garden at the right place. Moss should be regularly moistened to make it more quickly.

Water in the garden

Natural reservoirs can have a different form and purpose. These include shallow ponds, flowing waterfalls, running streams. Water absorbs sounds and attracts all life. If there is no possibility to create a natural body of water, you can replace it with artificial water, using smooth pebbles and pebbles. If everything is done skillfully, it will give the impression that the water has recently evaporated, but it will rain, and it will return again. Experience such a feeling will help plants that grow in nature in water bodies.

Water in the gardens of Japan carries a huge semantic load: it is a symbol of the transience of time. Often in the design of Japanese gardens use bridges that cross water. They symbolize travel.

Plants of the garden

They are given a secondary role, although they form an integral part of it and help a person to notice seasonal changes. Plants decorate the relief and emphasize the color contrast. Their selection is done carefully, as many Japanese plants do not grow in our climate and soil. The garden should be so decorated that it is always possible to look at it with pleasure and admiration.

In spring and summer, flowering plants of the same group should be replaced by another one. But there are those whose presence is necessarily in the garden. This spruce dwarf, juniper, Karelian birch, rhododendron. Trees-giants (oaks, spruce, pine, elms) are a magnificent addition to the garden. Khvoyniki is the center of the composition, they represent longevity, courage and strength. In the garden there are always many cherries, apples, apricots and plums, the blooming of which is incredibly beautiful.

As components of the exposure for the Japanese garden use shrubs. From different varieties of barberry, you can get a fast-growing perennial hedge. Beautifully flowering hawthorn will become a spring garden ornament, and its fruits - summer.

Herbaceous plants with large leaves are planted near the fences. Of these, a fast-growing perennial hedge is created. Such plants include ferns, chrysanthemums, rodgersia, hosts.

Elements and decor

Creating a Japanese garden with your own hands, you can use external elements, although this is not a prerequisite. It looks good mountain, which is at a sufficiently large distance from the garden. It needs to be framed by garden plants and design elements. Perfectly look in the garden exposition elements of the decor, which include:

• Stone lanterns. They are placed on stones with a flat surface next to the reservoirs.
• Stone or bronze statues.
• Rain chains that drain water during the rain.
• Bells, gongs.
• Bamboo sticks.
• Pavilions and shops.
• The bridges.

The main principles in the selection and use of these elements should be: symbolism, asymmetry, naturalness, overflow and balance.