Internal illnesses

The term "internal diseases" refers to diseases of internal organs. This includes lesions of the kidneys, endocrine glands and metabolic disorders. Includes this term and any disease of the respiratory and digestive organs. For example, stomach ulcers, gastritis with different levels of acidity, bronchitis, pneumonia, etc. This includes diseases of the connective tissue system, the affected vascular system. Their treatment is done by a therapist.

Internal diseases are recognized through traditional methods of direct investigation (this is a patient's questioning, tapping, feeling, listening, examination) and complex instrumental, biochemical and computer diagnostic methods (monitoring, endoscopy, radionuclide diagnostics, ultrasound). In addition, the term "internal diseases" denotes the name of the discipline, which studies why and how various diseases develop.

She also develops methods for their recognition, prevention and treatment (excluding radiation and surgical). Until the 19th century, the history of this discipline was shared with the history of medicine in general. Only obstetrics and surgery were self-sufficient sections until the specified time. Internal diseases were not divided into mental, female, children's and others. However, the beginning of the emergence of various schools and directions was laid by the "father of medicine" Hippocrates, the largest ancient Roman physician Galen, the outstanding Oriental thinker Ibn Sina and other greatest healers of the past.

"Internal Diseases" as a natural science discipline received the prerequisites for development along with the discoveries made in the 19th century in this field of medicine. So, at this time, pathologists have established that certain morphological changes are also characteristic of certain diseases in the relevant organs. There were achievements and pathological physiology. She studied the patterns by which painful processes occur, and their course. New methods of patient research were developed at that time (listening, tapping, etc.). Bacteriology discovered unknown pathogens.

In Russia, the foundations of discipline were laid by AA Ostroumov, M. Ya. Mudrov, GA Zakharin, SP Botkin. Its further development was based on the achievements of such sciences as chemistry, physics and biology. The more knowledge about the nature of the diseases accumulated, about the ways of their recognition, and then of the treatment, the more it contributed to the differentiation of clinical medicine. Later, in the second half of the 19th century - at the beginning of the 20th century, neuropathology, pediatrics, psychiatry, and dermatovenereology were separated into its independent sections. Currently, internal diseases, called still a clinic of internal diseases, therapy, internal medicine, remain one of the main clinical disciplines and are taught in medical institutes. In addition to the above sections, it includes cardiology, rheumatology, nephrology, gastroenterology, pulmonology and hematology.

This discipline ensures the study of joint scientific research and the therapeutic preparation of a physician. Acquired skills during training can play a major role in the work of a doctor in the face of the accelerating development of medical equipment. The nature of internal medicine has changed significantly due to the variety of drugs and the possibilities of new methods of treatment (defibrillation of the heart, the introduction of drugs into the arteries or cavities, plasmapheresis). All this allowed the specialist to actively influence the course of the disease. These features, in turn, led to the emergence of problems in the field of ethics and law. They concern both the relationship between the patient and his doctor, and those limits in which medical and diagnostic intervention is permitted.