Instructions: how to build a fire. Where you can build a fire in the forest. How to build a fire without matches

At the present time, the skills of breeding a fire, especially if you live in civilized regions of the country, are no longer so necessary as, say, just a century ago. But every person sometimes wants something adventurous. Even age is not a hindrance, somehow unexpectedly go on a trip with tents or yield to the calls of energetic friends this summer to relax savages. And for children there are scout camps (instead of the former pioneer camps, but at the same time in "savage" conditions), which have become very popular lately. And if your child instructor-scout can easily teach necessary for survival (and quite comfortable) skills, then in the hike you'll have to cope on your own (well, with the help of experienced friends).

One of the most useful skills in the "wild" campaign will be the skill and knowledge how to build a fire in any conditions, and even more so with improvised means. And even if then you shikanet this skill only when frying shish kebab where there is no barbecue, you will still be proud of yourself!

Types of open fire

To begin with, that, oddly enough for a city dweller, a fire is different. For example, a fire-well is made in the form of a house without a roof like a wooden frame: the logs are laid out with a square, inside of which, in fact, the fire burns. From such a focus, the flame is low and wide, it is convenient to cook porridge or soup on it. The star bonfire is made up of thick boughs, folded with cross ends. It is very good for spending the night: continuously monitor it is not necessary, just occasionally move the logs to the center of the hearth. Another fire that is very suitable for forest lodging is taiga. Logs are put one on another, as a layer add chips, small branches, chips - for ignition. The log from below should be thicker. Such a fire burns all night and does not go out by morning, you can even make a seagull. Although in the campaign it is hardly useful. The greatest benefit from it will be during ignition between the barriers, and two-sided, because it is designed either to protect against large predators, or for warming in severe frosts. Although knowing how to build a fire of this type, will not be superfluous. Hunter's fire will be easier: three not very thick, but not thin logs are put on the lining - and it also does not require attention, burns up to 8 hours, just move the burnt to the fire.

A bonfire comes to us, judging by the name, from Polynesia. To Russian hunters and prospectors it is known as a pit. He has several advantages. First of all, you do not ask about where you can build a bonfire, for "polynesia" digging is dug out, so that the fire hazard decreases almost to zero, especially since the pit walls are laid out with a stone or soaked logs. In principle, a Polynesian bonfire, rather, is spying or reconnaissance: if it is placed under a stone peak or under a dense tree, the hearth will not be visible from either side. An obligatory condition for the Polynesian spy fire is smoke-free firewood.

A few small ones are better than one big

It would be nice to remember that small built-up areas are easier to maintain in a condition than large ones, and they consume less fuel. And while several "kids", located around, warmed better than a huge pioneer fire.

Right place

The main condition when choosing a clearing, where you can build a fire - fire safety. If it is surrounded by dead wood, or the whole glade in dry grass, look for another one. A fire in the forest is an apocalyptic thing, and you will not be saved yourself, and the forest will be destroyed for many kilometers around.

Wet, rain or wind

If you have to think about how to build a fire on wet soil, remember the need for an interlayer between wet ground and fire. It also helps when a fire needs to be spread out on the snow. As an "installation", dry logs are an ideal option. But they often have nowhere to take. Then your choice is stones. Even wet, they dry out much faster than a tree and will become a reliable protection against unnecessary water. If bad weather is combined with the wind, it is worth remembering the reflectors. They will prevent the bonfire and fire from spreading to undesirable side. Reflectors can be even polyethylene cloths, which they take instead of raincoats, only they need to be located away from the fire. In addition, a correctly placed reflector will help to heat the heat in the right direction.

Fuel is important

Knowing how to properly build a fire in the forest, you will not be mistaken with the choice of the kindling and "feeding" for the fire. Ideal will be deadwood, it's nice to use dry branches on the still alive tree. Take even tempting firewood from the ground is not always: if the last days were rains, the logs at least got wet, and if the rains were long, they rotted. The best bonfire remains pine, spruce, alder and birch. But remember: the birch shoots! Rowan, larch and aspen heat give a little. Fresh needles smoke, and dry sparks, which is dangerous for the eyes, clothes, and the fire can happen. But there is a good way how to build a fire in the forest, wet with rain. A recently fallen tree, it is possible, has kept dry wood inside the trunk. Knowing this, it's easy to make a fire.

Kindling is important too

Dry chips, spruce and pine boughs, lichen (only dry!), Dried filaments of a fungus-raincoat, fern, again dry rotten - that's what should attract your attention. The exfoliated birch bark (attention: the tree must be alive!) Is very resinous, flares up instantly, but it shoots, it's better to leave a little when lighting a fire. Dry hemp can also come in handy, even if the top of the stump is wet, it's worth picking it up, and kindling is available. It is folded by a shalash and perfectly fires thin branches, from which the thick ones light up.

When the fire is already on fire

Suppose that everything turned out, and the fire itself supports the right flame. The main task now is to support the fire so that it does not go out. How to build a fire is one task, but how to save it is completely different. The saving of fire requires much less effort than its breeding, so it is worth paying little attention to the fire. The wind is one of the main enemies. If it is very strong, it is necessary to block the fire from blowing. At night, in principle, the fire should be extinguished, but if the winter is cold and the campfire is not located under the branches accessible to the fire, then it can be left to warm up overnight, only take precautions. The main of them: the flame should not be violent and high, the place of burning should be protected with stones or something incombustible. If the weather conditions do not bother, the coals must be covered with ashes, they will not go out completely, and in the morning it will be possible to revive the bonfire.

There are matches, or matches - no

Of course, if you always have matches with you, then in an uncivilized campaign you have a chance not to hit your face in the mud. But many people now do not smoke, and accordingly, and have no matches. And those who smoke do not think about preserving their source of fire. And the reminder "How to Breed a Bonfire" does not always contain a reminder: "Keep matches in dryness!" But this is the most important thing: if the matches are wet, it is unlikely that you will light the most dry firewood.

And if you do not?

Of course, the option, when you are surrounded by wildlife without matches, is unlikely. Let it be like an exciting adventure novel, but it happens. He went after mushrooms - lost his way ... Fought off the group - waiting for the morning ... Tinder will be needed in any way alternative fire mining. The whip is made from any dry flammable material: bark, wood, filling and making up bird's nests, etc. If it is suspected that you are stuck in the described conditions before evening, tinder should be guarded, that is, hidden, for example, in a plastic bag And make sure that there is no moisture.

Ways

Extreme situation: there are no matches, help will not come soon (if it comes). How to build a bonfire without matches becomes an urgent problem. If you have at least a camera or flashlight, you are already lucky: their lens focuses on tinder, and you already have a fire. Especially if the sun has not yet set. If the village - wait until tomorrow. But if there is a wire made of steel and a block of wood, you can not wait for the sun. Wire lead back and forth on the bar (quickly!), And if you're lucky - light something flammable.

With cartridges will be more fun and easier. If only there was no wind. From the pair of cartridges, the powder is poured near the base of the folded shalashik. Then we take 2 relatively smooth stones. On one of them we throw gunpowder, and above it three stones. From a spark the gunpowder will ignite, and from it and kindling.

How to build a fire in the forest, we already know. It remains to puzzle the question: "And how not to be afraid?"

Do not get lost - this is important. And even if it seems that you will eat badgers - fight! Basically, badgers are not such terrible animals ...