How to pay water on the meters. Tariffs for water (2014)

The family or corporate budget almost always includes such an expense item as the water meter payment. Moscow, St. Petersburg, another city of a million people or a provincial town, it does not matter - most citizens have counters. There are a large number of types of counters, as well as technological solutions, underlying the operation of these devices. There are many nuances of installing and replacing devices.

The historical path of these aggregates is interesting, the facts about how and by whom water meters were invented. Payment through the Internet of receipts for housing and communal services, use of auto payments through a credit card, various mobile applications for accounting of expenses for public services are the trends of our time that are familiar to us. But it is not at all interesting to look into the details of the appearance of equally familiar devices in the face of meters in a historical retrospective.

The counters are fairly simple to install. From the point of view of the law, they can be established independently, but in practice many organizations responsible for registering devices refuse the owners of apartments that have mounted the meter on their own. What are the reasons for this behavior of these structures? And in general, how profitable is it to put scots for water?

Counter: what is this device

A special meter helps to accurately measure the amount of water consumed by residents of an apartment or house of water. It is known that tariffing of public services can go according to the normative or on the fact of counting the volume of water, light or gas that are received by the consumer. Counters give homeowners the opportunity to optimize water consumption and thus save money: in many cases, utilities counting formulas that are tied to a standard make the use of a water pipe less profitable than when billed based on meter readings.

Installation of water metering devices is particularly beneficial if the apartment is prescribed many people. The standard in this case will be multiplied by their number. Even if a person who has a registration does not live on a living space, the payment for water will nevertheless be charged.

In addition, the standard may include the amount of public services, much larger than the average resident spends. To make payment for water by meters, as a rule, is more economically feasible.

The use of such a device includes several nuances. First, the taking of testimony from the counters, as well as transferring them to the housing and communal service, the apartment owners must carry out their own work. Secondly, it is not allowed to make artificial changes in the indications. Thirdly, it is important to transfer the numbers from the meters on time: if this is not done, the service company has the right to charge the amount for water according to specifications (and this can be very unprofitable). Accounting devices to apartments are put, as a rule, two: a counter of hot water and a similar device for cold. An exception may be an option when the apartment is a water heater. In this case, only the payment of cold water occurs - on the meter or without.

The history of the appearance of water meters

There is historical information that the first prototype counter for water appeared already in the Middle Ages. In encyclopedic sources it is said that the monks of one of the monasteries in Lombardy sold excess water used for irrigation of meadows. To measure its quantity, water meters were used in the form of structures with a hole a few centimeters, through which for a certain amount of time and at a constant head flowed one Milanese ounce of water.

In more or less modern form, the counter for water appeared in the 19th century, thanks to the efforts of the German inventor Karl Wilhelm Siemens. The device was mechanical. He worked like a water mill in miniature. There was an impeller in it - an element that allows water to flow onto the blades and transfer the rotation to the counting mechanism, and then to the dial. In a few years, a device designed by a scientist gained popularity in Germany, and after a while his modifications came to Russia.

Hot water charging features

Supply of hot water in Russia can be carried out in two ways. The first is through the so-called "closed water supply systems". The cost of water is determined by the supplier company, based on the uniformity of the tariff. As an alternative, there are systems "open": in them the cost of cubic meter of water for the consumer consists of two components: the prices of cold water and the quotations for the so-called heat carrier.

With respect to this charging system in different cities of the country, the rules can be very different. But in many sources the opinion is held that the prices for hot water in open systems are significantly lower than in closed ones. So the use of counters in them is especially relevant and further allows you to save.

Tariffication of hot water in Moscow

Let's see what is the current tariffing of the most expensive type of water - hot - when using counters for Moscow residents in 2014 (for example, quotations approved by MOEK). Take the option for closed networks. Tariff for residents of the capital (individuals) - 126.93 rubles per one cubic meter of coolant before July 1, 2014 and 127.57 units of the Russian currency - after. There are reports that prices from November will jump to 135.79 rubles per cubic meter. At the same time, there is a subsidy - from July 1 to November 1 it will be 21.05 rubles.

The principles of determining the price of cold water

The cheapest is for the consumer to use cold water. It is used for a huge number of household needs. Based on what factors are the tariffs for cold water in Russia formed? First of all, this is the cost price of its receipt. Before the water enters the tap, it flows in the water pipe, and even earlier passes the stages of the most complicated purification after it is received from the river or reservoir.

It is worth noting that the delivery of cold water, in accordance with Russian laws, is not a business (despite the fact that the municipal water companies sometimes are private organizations), and final tariffs for the consumer are formed at the level of municipal authorities (and in some cases Federal institutions are connected to this). The cost price, in addition to technological processes, includes labor costs for the staff of hydro-canals, depreciation costs, electricity costs and other consumable resources. To account for the payment for cold water is almost always added to the amount of water disposal.

How much does cold water in Moscow cost?

Let's see what are installed in 2014 tariffs for cold water in the Russian capital on the example of rates set by OAO Mosvodokanal. In 2014, there are two periods in which different tariffs are in effect - until July 1 and after. In the first half of the cold water cost Muscovites 28 rubles 40 kopecks per cubic meter (plus 20.15 for water disposal). From November 1, the prices will grow significantly. For one cubic meter of cold water, residents of the capital will pay 29 rubles 19 kopecks (and for drainage - 20.69). It is important to know that these tariffs do not include the possible commission, which banks take when the meter readings are paid in favor of suppliers.

How much does cold water in foreign countries cost?

A study by a major Russian marketing firm showed that Moscow's cold water tariffs are not the most expensive, but not the cheapest in the world. For comparison: residents of some Danish cities are forced to pay for 1 cubic meter of water about $ 10 (with water disposal). At the same time, citizens of Turkmenistan can do without water at all, provided that it is consumed not more than 250 liters per day. Among the countries with the most expensive water - Belgium, Norway, Germany (there prices - about 6-7 dollars per cubic meter, including sanitation). Very cheap water in Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Cuba. A cubic meter is worth a few cents.

How can I pay for water

Pay for water and other utilities (as a rule, all payments go in one receipt from the HOA or the management company) can be in many ways. Among the traditional - a trip to the bank and payment "in the window" to the cashier. There is an opportunity to do the same, using bank terminals (if necessary, the consultant of the credit institution will help to do this). Another option is to use an analog of these devices from specialized payment systems (QIWI, the "City" system, etc.). Both of these options are good for lack of queue. However, not all cases in the database of payment providers have the necessary HOA or management company - this factor keeps many Russians from paying by these methods.

Many Russians are comfortable seeing an innovative way that allows water to be paid for by counters, as well as other utilities - online banking. True, it needs to be connected in a separate procedure and be able to correctly use this tool. One of the undisputed merits of this method is that in the database of the bank there is a high probability of any TSZH or CC of the city. Convenience is also the fact that all receipts are saved electronically. Along with online banking, electronic purses of payment systems (the same QIWI, "Yandex.Money", etc.) are often used. But they are characterized by shortcomings inherent in payment terminals. There are also specialized online services that allow you to pay for water by counters, as well as many other services by VISA or MasterCard.

Nuances of installation

Installation of the counter is undesirable to produce to homeowners. This should be handled by specialists. You can find them by contacting a housing utility company or an organization whose main activity is installing meters. The kit, necessary for the correct installation of water meters, usually includes the following plumbing materials. This is a pair of ball valves with thread (external, internal), two water filters for coarse cleaning, actually a hot water meter and its analog for cold. You will also need two so-called check valves (they do not allow the counters to rewind). After installing meters on the pipes must come specialists from the municipal water channel. They put on the seal registration devices, thereby legalizing their use.

The need to apply to specialists is due in large part to the fact that when installing meters, sometimes you have to temporarily disable some utility systems related to other apartments. Beginning with the moment of justifying the inconvenience to the neighbors and ending with the correct shutdown of the systems in question, an experienced specialist will be better able to install the meters.

Nuances of replacement

A water meter, like any other mechanism, can fail for many reasons. It will need to be replaced. It is not recommended to do this yourself, as in the case with the installation. There are cases when the owner of the apartment made all the technical procedures flawlessly, but in Gorvodokanal he was refused to seal the devices, referring to the non-professional installation.

However, if the owner of the apartment has a desire to make a replacement for the meter on his own, then he should take into account the following nuances. First, there is an arrow on each water meter - it must coincide with the direction of the water flow. Secondly, the counter should be set so that the distance between it and the riser is not less than 30 cm. Thirdly, the dial of the device should be positioned so that the readings are clearly visible. It is known that the payment of hot water for the meter (as the most expensive product of housing and communal services) requires the transfer of extremely accurate data to suppliers. Recalculation for incorrect indications, some housing and communal organizations are reluctant.

What will happen if you do not put a counter

Payment of water without a counter, of course, is possible. It is still carried out by very many tenants on the basis of standards. But Russians are worried about the question of what will happen if the counters are not put at all. According to some experts, the legislation can not give a clear answer to this question. On the one hand, Federal Law No. 261 "On Energy Saving" obliged apartment owners to start paying for water by meters before July 1, 2012. But at the same time, there are no methods of administrative influence on the owners of living quarters, which the meter did not put to the moment, as experts say, the legislator did not determine.

At the same time, there are a number of existing laws that, from January 1, 2015, in those apartments where it is technically possible to install meters, but this has not been done, the water consumption standards will be multiplied by an increasing coefficient. This means that the tariffs for paying water on the meter will be more likely to be more profitable than the calculations for the standards.