Ramps for the disabled: norms. The slope of the ramp for the disabled

In 2009, at the state level, it was decided that it is necessary to remember the problems of disabled people. The regulatory documents prescribed that all buildings should be equipped so that they could get people who can be attributed to the low-mobility groups, including wheelchair users.

Relevance of the problem

Few people think that 10% of all people are disabled. In this case, 1/3 of them can only move on the stroller. But there are such people on the street very rarely. One of the main reasons is the banal inability to leave the house, in which the construction does not provide a wheelchair ramp.

Currently, these designs are not everywhere, which makes life difficult for disabled people. But even in the equipped buildings they do not always correspond to the norm. Some even call the ramp boards, thrown on the steps, but this is unacceptable. The parameters of this design, or, as it is also called, accessibility devices, are regulated by documents that specify all the requirements for its appearance and equipment.

Set norms

At the legislative level, it was determined that ramps for disabled people should be suitable for houses and various buildings. The rules for their installation are described in special codes of practice. From them it follows that the ramp is a stationary large-sized structure with an established angle of inclination. According to the rules, it should not exceed 10%. This means that the said accessibility device must be long and sloping so that any disabled wheelchair can move independently on it.

Another difference between the ramp and other accessibility devices (also referred to as ramps, ramps) is that it is equipped with handrails on both sides. The width of this structure should be at least 1 m in one-way traffic.

It is necessary only from non-combustible materials to make ramps for the disabled. Norms provide that the period of fire resistance should be at least 2 hours. From this it becomes clear that wooden structures can in no case be called a ramp.

Installing Availability Devices

Speaking about the arrangement of structures designed for the disabled, first of all, attention should be paid to the angle of inclination. It is defined as the ratio of the required lifting height to the length of the section along which the inclined surface will pass. That is, in order to equip the possibility of an entrance for wheelchairs to a 10 cm height, it should be noted that the distance is 1 m (100 cm) in length and starting to make a construction from this site. In this case, the slope of the ramp for the disabled will be 10% (10 cm: 100 cm).

Installation of accessibility devices is necessary in all places where there is a level difference of more than 4 cm. At the beginning of each site, it is necessary to equip a platform, the width of which should correspond to the ramp and be about 1.5 m in length.

Each ramp march allows you to climb to a height of not more than 0.8 m. The slope of it should not exceed the ratio of height and length 1:12, if you need to climb to a height of 0.2 m - 1:10. The transverse slope of the structure is allowed at a level of up to 2% (1:50).

One of the requirements for equipping ramps is also the installation of rails. They should be in places where the construction does not adhere to the wall. The skirts are designed to prevent the stroller from slipping. They have a height of 5 cm. If this was not originally designed by the ramp, it is possible to fix a corner or a pipe at the specified distance from the surface.

Also, the ramps for disabled people must be equipped with rails. Norms oblige to make them double. The upper should go at an altitude of 0.9 m, the lower - 0.7 m. For children of preschool age, they should be placed at a level of 0.5 m.

In addition, it must be remembered that the handrails must be longer than the length of the ramp on each side at least 30 cm, be round, 3-5 cm in diameter (the ideal cross section is 4 cm for adults and 3 cm for children). It is also important that the handrails run continuously and parallel to the surface of the ramp, considering all of its additional structures.

Possible variations of the installation

In each specific situation, the ramp should be designed individually. In some cases, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of a turn, in others - there are areas for recreation. There are situations when the ramp fence is not mandatory. So, it can not be set if the lifting height does not exceed 15 cm, the slope angle is not more than 8%, and the length of the structure is up to 1.8 m.

When equipping such accessibility devices, it must be remembered that for every 6-10 meters the march of the ramp requires a playground for rest. If the length of the structure does not exceed 10 m, then it can be made one-piece.

The optimal width is 0.9-1 m. It is suitable for unilateral movement of strollers. If a construction is proposed that assumes a two-way traffic, then its width should be of the order of 1.8 m. If the project does not provide for the possibility of installing railings in the middle of the accessibility structure, then the angle at which the ramp should run also varies. Norms provide that such a design is possible only if the slope is 1:15 (or 6.7%). After all, a disabled wheelchair can hold only one handrail. And this means that the angle of inclination should be such that it can rise or descend and without assistance.

Irregular ramps

Unfortunately, not all buildings can be replaced by conventional accessibility devices. In a number of situations it is necessary to make non-standard designs for a special project. Use them in those places where there is no technical opportunity to make ordinary ramps for the disabled. Norms in their construction are almost not observed, but they allow wheelchair users to get into the right buildings. Often they are erected on the initiative of the disabled themselves.

So, non-standard designs are 85-90 cm wide, there must always be a ramp guard on the sides. It will save the invalid from falling and help to keep on lifting. These non-format access devices are made from asphalt or paving stones. These materials ensure optimum traction of the wheels with the road and prevent falling.

Abnormal designs on the recommendation of disabled societies can be deviated by 15% (maximum limit is 18%). But installation of such structures is allowed only in those cases when the developer or the owner of the building objectively has no opportunity to do otherwise. It is desirable that the length of the span of the ramp does not exceed 7 meters. Disabled people with absolutely healthy hands can climb them on their own.

In residential buildings, buildings, in which wheelchair users need to have access (for example, to the Social Security Administration, the city administration and others), it is permitted to make non-normative ramps. In the middle, there are mandatory steps to be taken by a person pushing the stroller. The width of the inner staircase should be no more than 30 cm, otherwise some strollers simply can not pass. Bortics inside such a ramp (protecting the carriage from the possibility of getting on the steps) are not needed.

If you plan to make the accessibility device on existing steps (pour a part of them with concrete), then you need to know that the slope of the ramp for the disabled will be 30% on standard external steps and 50% on the internal ones.

Special constructions

In some places, instead of ramps, the channels are installed. But as practice shows, this makes no sense. In many wheelchairs, the front wheels are much closer than the rear wheels, in addition, their placement depends on the particular model. Therefore, it is impossible to put the channels so that any wheelchairman can drive. Such constructions are permissible only in apartment houses, they should be made for a specific stroller.

But they must be placed so that they do not interfere with ordinary people. If the staircase is narrow enough (as is the case in most standard dwelling houses), then it is advisable to make an outboard or folding ramp.

Important nuances

Particular attention should be paid to the turntable. It is necessary in those cases when there is a change in the direction of the ramp. The width of such a platform should be equal to the width of the two ramps, and in length it will be not less than 150 cm. If the turn is 90 ⁰ , the width of the span intended for the turn must be greater than the width of the ramp and the depth from 140 cm. Increase the area.

It is important to understand how the installation of ramps in relation to the entrance to the building is carried out. This will depend on the type of doors, the way they are opened and the direction of entrances to them. It is desirable that the wheelchair has access to the door on the side where the opening handle is located. It is also important that a person with disabilities can turn around on this site, turn to the ramp and to enter the doorway.

It is important to consider the location of the ramp in advance. It is convenient when the door is opened to the side opposite to the accessibility device. If the construction of the building does not allow to make a large enough turntable, the designers can offer to drown the door - to make a niche, due to which the wheelchair will have a turning point.

There must necessarily be a horizontal platform before the ramp and after the end of the inclined plane. But sometimes architects make mistakes. It is important to understand that the ramp will be inadequate without a platform in front of it. Even if it is, but its size is less than the normative, an invalid can not approach the ramp and take advantage of it. It is important that the stroller can fully fit on it. But do not forget about the site at the end of the accessibility device. Due to its presence, a person can afford to remove his hands from the wheels or handrails. It must be located strictly horizontally. It must be remembered that one can not place an inclined part directly from a door or a wall.

Needs of people

Many do not know why normative documents provide for the installation of ramps. These structures are necessary for people with disabilities. At the design stage it is necessary to take into account that:

- The premises should be easily accessible to all people, so that they have the opportunity to get into any building, house or apartment;

- It is necessary to provide access for all to the necessary equipment and devices (for example, elevators);

- on the house territory there should be all necessary systems.

When designing it is important to know all the rules that regulate the installation of auxiliary structures. So, the slope of the ramp should be from 8 to 10%. In exceptional cases, it is allowed to be up to 18%. But in residential buildings that are equipped with accessibility devices, it can be 50% if they are located on stairwells inside the building. As a rule, they can be located a removable or folding metal ramp.

Separately it is worth noting that houses and buildings are allowed to be equipped not only with ramps, the device of which is regulated by special rules. Ramps or ramps are quite suitable for providing an accessible environment. But the bars for wheelchair users, as practice shows, are useless.

Enabling an accessible environment

Considering that many people do not consider it necessary to equip houses, buildings, shops with accessibility devices, administrative responsibility has been fixed at the legislative level for those cases when the head refuses to install a ramp. The photo of such constructions gives the chance to choose the most suitable variant.

The refusal to install an accessibility device is fraught with the imposition of a fine on both individuals and legal entities. In this case, it is not terrible, if there is no possibility to install a ramp. You can equip the entrances to the entrance to buildings and premises with the help of any other accessibility devices. At the same time it is permissible to make such constructions, for which disabled people can only move with accompanying persons. Supervise compliance with these requirements should be federal executive bodies, municipalities, authorities of each subject of the Federation.

For example, in the entrances a folding ramp can be made, with a slope angle of 50%. It is clear that a person with disabilities can not either decompose it independently or climb it. But he allows the wheelchair to leave the house with the attendant. And in the absence of even such a design it becomes impossible. After all, in order to lower or lift a person in a wheelchair, you need a few people who will carry it in your arms.

Rights of people with disabilities

Unfortunately, many people who belong to low mobility groups do not know about their rights. Every disabled person should be provided with means of accessibility. Otherwise, it is regarded as a restriction of his rights. Therefore, the managers of the housing and communal services should understand what a ramp should be, and create all the conditions for the movement of less mobile groups of people. Incidentally, they include not only disabled people, but parents of small children who are carried in a stroller, and other categories of the population who have difficulties in the need for independent movement.

Separately it is necessary to say that the consent of other tenants is not required to install a ramp in the house. Photos of many entrances to houses give an opportunity to understand that not all people understand why they are needed. Some park in front of the ramps of the car, others install on the platforms, suitable for them, billboards, thereby making the movement of disabled persons impossible.

Everyone who belongs to a low-mobility group has the right to sue and demand that a ramp is forcibly installed. Moreover, people with disabilities and other categories of citizens who need accessibility devices can claim compensation for moral damage. Persons who refuse to install the ramp bear administrative or even criminal liability.