How did Mozart die and where is he buried? Biography and creativity of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is a vivid representative of the Vienna classical school. He masterly mastered various musical forms of his time, possessed a unique ear and a rare talent for an improviser. In a word, a genius. And around the life and death of a genius usually a lot of rumors and conjectures. The composer passed away at the age of thirty-five. His early death was the subject of controversy, formed the basis of literary works. How did Mozart die? What was the reason for his sudden death? And where is Mozart buried?

The composer, whose biography has been of interest to researchers around the world for more than two centuries, died in 1791. Biographies of outstanding people are taken to begin with birth. But Mozart's biography is so vast that any of the periods deserve close attention. In this article, it will be, first of all, how Mozart died. There is a lot of speculation. But according to the official version, the cause of death was a long illness. But before you begin to describe the last days of Mozart, you should outline his biography.

Childhood

Where was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart born? The city of childhood of the great musician's youth is Salzburg. Amadeus' father was a violinist. Leopold Mozart devoted his life to children. He did everything to ensure that his daughter and son received a worthy musical education. It is musical. Unique abilities from an early age showed both Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, whose biography is presented in this article, and his older sister Nannerl.

Leopold began to teach his daughter to play the harpsichord pretty early. Wolfgang was at that time quite small. But he followed the lessons of his sister and repeated individual excerpts from music. Then Leopold decided that his son must necessarily become a composer. Wolfgang, like his Nannerl, began to speak very early. The audience was fascinated by the geeks.

Youth and the beginning of creativity

Since 1781, the hero of this article lived in Vienna. The works of Beethoven and Haydn are classics. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, along with these great musicians, created works that will never be forgotten. He managed to reach such heights not only thanks to innate talent, but also assiduity, diligence.

How many years did Mozart die? The composer was only thirty-five. And ten years before his death, he settled in Vienna. During this short period of time, Wolfgang turned from a little-known musician into the greatest composer.

The house belonged to Weber, whose family had three unmarried daughters. One of them - the future wife of Wolfgang, Constance. In the same year, when he crossed the threshold of the Weber house for the first time, he began to create the opera "Abduction from the Seraglio". The work was approved by the Viennese public, but Mozart's name still did not weigh in the music circles.

Glory

Soon Mozart married Constance Weber. After the wedding, his relationship with his father went wrong. Mozart the eldest until the last days treated his daughter-in-law hostilely. The peak of Wolfgang's fame falls on the mid-eighties. A few years before his death, he begins to receive huge fees. Mozarts move to a posh apartment, hire a servant and buy a piano for crazy at that time money. The musician ties up a friendship with Haydn, who once even gives a collection of his works.

In February 1785 a concert for piano in D minor was presented to the public. "Why did the great Mozart die in poverty?" - sometimes you can hear such a question. What is the basis for thinking about the financial difficulties of a pianist and composer? After all, in the mid-eighties Mozart was at the peak of his fame. He was one of the most wealthy musicians in Vienna in 1787. Four years before his death, he sent his son to a very expensive and prestigious educational institution. And in the same year the great pianist joined the Masonic lodge. But in recent years, the material position of the composer has been somewhat shaken. However, it was still far from poverty.

Financial difficulties

In 1789, Wolfgang's wife fell ill. He was forced to send her to a medical resort, which shook his financial situation. A few months later, Constance recovered. By that time already had considerable success "The Marriage of Figaro." Mozart began writing works for the theater. He wrote operas before. But his early works were not successful.

The last year of life for Mozart has become very fruitful. He wrote a symphony in G-minor, got the post of conductor. And, finally, I started working on "Requiem". This work Mozart was ordered by a stranger who wishes to honor the memory of his wife.

Requiem

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, whose biography is surprisingly eventful, despite his early death, wrote an uncountable number of works. He had many students, he received a good salary from the publication of his works. Shortly before his death, he began to create his last work - "Requiem". The work so captured him, that he stopped accepting students. In addition, his health began to deteriorate with every passing day.

About how Mozart died, was told years later by relatives, witnesses the death of the great composer. Among them was the son of a musician. According to the memories of relatives, Mozart suddenly felt so bad that he had to call a doctor. And not one, but the best in Vienna. Indeed, the healer helped the musician. However, the improvement did not last long. Soon Mozart was finally brought to a close.

Acute vulgar fever

According to the memoirs of Sophie Weber - the sister-in-law of a musician - after his condition worsened, the relatives decided to call another doctor. The cause of Mozart's death is controversial, because his symptoms were so unusual that they did not allow doctors to come to a consensus on the diagnosis.

In recent weeks, the composer's hearing has become aggravated. He suffered from unbearable pain, even from the touch of his body to his clothes. Mozart became weaker every day. And, in addition, his condition worsened due to imperfect methods of medicine. The patient was regularly given blood: this therapeutic device was considered universal at that time. The cause of Mozart's death, perhaps, would have been established if he lived in the 21st century. In the eighteenth century the methods of treatment were, to put it mildly, ineffective. In the certificate of the death of a genius stood: acute millet fever.

This disease was suffered at that time by a good part of the Viennese population. How to treat it, the doctors did not know. So one of the doctors, after visiting the dying man, concluded that he could not be saved.

General weakening of the body

The life and work of Mozart is the theme of a multitude of books, feature films and documentaries. His rare gift was discovered at an early age. But in addition to unique abilities, Mozart, contrary to popular belief, extraordinary diligence. About how Mozart died, said today a lot. There is a version that the great musician was poisoned by the envious of Salieri. But the contemporaries of the composer believed otherwise.

After the death of Mozart, some doctors claimed to have died of a serious infectious disease. His body could not fight as a result of general weakness. A weakened Mozart was physically due to many years of work without interruption and rest.

Over the years, it is increasingly difficult for researchers to establish a diagnosis of a musician. In the records of Sophie Weber and other relatives there are many contradictions. It was these circumstances that gave birth to a lot of versions about the death of Amadeus Mozart. Let's consider each of them.

Salieri

The version that Mozart was killed by the hand of an envious person is the most common. And it was she who formed the basis of the tragedy of Pushkin. According to this version, Mozart's life and work were surrounded by idleness. Nature allegedly endowed the musician with such a talent that it was not necessary to make efforts. All Mozart was able to play, easy. And Salieri, on the other hand, for all his efforts, was unable to achieve the miserable share of what Mozart knew.

The work of Pushkin is based on artistic fiction. But many readers today do not distinguish the author's fantasies from confirmed facts. Pushkin's heroes argue that genius and evil are incompatible concepts. In the work of the Russian writer Salieri stirs Mozart poison, because I do not agree with him. He believes that he brings an idle, but gifted composer as a sacrifice to art.

The opinion that Salieri is a murderer is considered to be one of the versions also because in the early nineteenth century in one of the church archives his confession was found, in which he confessed and repented of what he had done. There is no confirmed fact that this document actually existed. However, even today, many fans of Mozart's creativity are confident that the genius has become a victim of the envy of a "colleague".

Constance

There is another version of the poisoning. Adherents of her believe that Mozart was sent to the next world by his wife. And one of the pupils of the musician helped her in this. If you believe the rumors, the passionate romance of Constance and Zyusmayra was accompanied by clarification of the relationship and extremely emotional reconciliation. The beloved wife of Mozart was a very ambitious man, if not a careerist. And he could well have entered into a love affair with Constance solely to lime his great teacher. But why did Siusmair need to get rid of Mozart? What would his death have given him?

In addition, this version is less believable due to the fact that after the death of the musician his diary was preserved. And it is a testament to the deepest devotion and love that reigned in the family of the Mozart.

Ritual murder

And, finally, the latest version. If we take into account only those in which it is said about violent death, then this is perhaps the most believable. As already mentioned, the great musician was in the Masonic lodge. Masons, as a rule, help their "brothers". But they did not help Mozart when he was in financial trouble. They even ignored the death of the composer, without canceling the next meeting as a sign of mourning.

Some researchers believe that the reason for the murder was Mozart's intention to create his own box. In one of the last works - "The Magic Flute" - the Masonic symbolism is used. To demonstrate something similar to the uninitiated was not accepted. Perhaps Mozart was killed by his brother-masons.

Burial

It is known about where Mozart is buried. At St. Mark's Cemetery. The date of the burial remains controversial. According to the official version - December 6. It is widely believed that Mozart was buried in a mass grave intended for the poor. But, according to historians, the burial occurred on the third category. It was not the funeral of a beggar, but also not a splendid farewell ceremony of a great composer, pianist, teacher. As it often happens, the true glory to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart came after his death.