Gutkina N.I., "House" technique: description, analysis of results, conclusions

In this article we will find out what the correctional methods, recognition of figures, "House" NI Gutkina and other nuances used by psychologists to determine the level of development of the child are.

One of the most urgent and well-known tasks of the activity of psychologists in the education system is the diagnosis of the preparation of children for schooling. Today, there is a huge number of testing methods for this direction. Among them is the "Expert Program Determining the Psychological Readiness of 6-7 Year Olds for Schooling" by N. Gutkina, who is theoretically considered to be the most reasonable. By the way, methodologically it is considered the most consistent tool.

Advantages of the methodology

The unconditional advantage of this technique lies in the principle of correctness, which is laid in it. With the help of the program it is possible not only to establish distinctive features of development and to predict the success of the education of the baby, but also to make a corrective-improving adequate system. Long worked on her theory of Gutkina NI Method "House" - her best work, which is included in this program.

The project is designed to test children 6-7 years. With the help of him, their psychological readiness for school studies is revealed and the dynamics of the mental development of children in developing groups is controlled. In the latter case, the project is used from 5.5 to 8 years.

In general, this program is used to study the development of intellectual, need-affective, arbitrary, speech spheres.

Project

The methodologies that make up the project are not tests. Thanks to them, the child's readiness for schooling can be characterized qualitatively.

The diagnostic project consists of seven methods, six of which are original authorial developments:

• The method of determining the dominance of game or cognitive motives in the need-affective sphere of the baby.
• Test of school maturity Kern-Yirasek (orientational).
• Experimental conversation, revealing the "internal position of the student."
• Technology "Yes and no" (ability to work on a template).
• Technique "Small house" (fine hand mechanics, randomness of attention, sensorimotor organization, ability to focus on the sample).
• Reception "Boots" (study of learning).
• The method of "Audio hide-and-seek" (phonemic rumor).
• Technology "Continuity of events" (development of speech, ability to generalize, logical thinking).

To conduct an effective examination, the cabinet is drawn up in accordance with the upcoming tests: all necessary materials should be at the fingertips of a psychologist-teacher. From the environment, bright objects and toys are also excluded, which can distract a child.

At the interview, parents may be present, but their presence near the baby during the technology "Determining the dominance of motives" and "Lodge" is undesirable.

Objective of the project

Thanks to this project you can:

1. To find out the motivational readiness of the child for school activities, as well as the peculiarities of his learning ability.
2. To determine the development of a preschool child in an arbitrary, motivational, speech, intellectual sphere.
3. For many years to use the same incentive source, not requiring correction.
4. Find nuances that prevent the development of babies from the age of 5.5 years. Start working with them on the developing exclusive methodology of the "Development Group", which NI Gutkina described in her book "Psychological readiness for school."

Home Technology

What is the technique of NI Gutkina "House"? The child is invited to paint a picture depicting a house, the individual elements of which look like details of capital letters. This technology can be used to determine the readiness of children 5-10 years to school.

The purpose of the test is to determine the preschooler's ability to copy a complex model.

Due to the task, the child's ability to orientate himself on the model is revealed, and it is reproduced exactly. You can also determine the features of the development of visual perception, easy attention, fine motor skills and sensorimotor coordination of the preschooler's hand.

Materials and equipment are a sample pattern, a simple pencil and a piece of paper.

Inspection procedure

How is NI Gutkina's "House" method applied in practice? Before performing the exercise, the kid is told the following instruction: "Before you lie a pencil and a sheet of paper. I ask you to draw on the sheet the same drawing as on this sample (the child receives a picture with a painted house). Do not rush, be careful and try, so that your drawing does not differ from the sample. If you draw something wrong, you do not need to erase either your finger or your eraser (you need to make sure that the baby does not have elastic bands). Just on top of the wrong parts or next you can draw correctly. Is the task clear to you? Then start doing it. "

Progress of the assignment

Agree, a great specialist Gutkina NI Method "House" works wonders! So, what do you need to fix in the course of the assignment? The psychologist must find out whether the baby is drawing with his left or right hand. The specialist is obliged to trace how the subject works: often he looks at the drawing-pattern, whether he carries over it air lines that repeat the outline of the picture. Or maybe he draws from memory, glancing at the sample?

Also the teacher should pay attention to the following nuances: slowly or quickly the kid spends the lines, distracts or works hard, whether after drawing the model checks on his drawing.

When the child reports the completion of the exercise, he should be asked to check his creation independently. If he discovers errors in it, he can correct them, but the experimenter is obliged to fix these actions.

Processing Results

So, we found out what the technique "Domik" is. NI Gutkina, the analysis of results suggests the following: processing of materials must be performed, summing up the points that are charged for errors. And the errors are:

1. Increasing individual image elements more than twice. The size of the whole figure in this case corresponds to the sample (3 points for each enlarged link).
2. Absence of any picture element (4 points). There may be no smoke, a fence (two halves or one), a roof, a pipe, a hatch on the roof, a line indicating the base of the house, a window.
3. Incorrectly executed picture element (3 points). With inaccuracies can be drawn smoke rings, hatching on the roof, a fence, a pipe, a window. By the way, if the hedge boards are incorrectly represented, then 2 points are awarded for each incorrectly drawn board, and for the entire left or right part of the fence completely. The same rule applies to the rings of smoke emerging from the pipe, and to the hatching of the house. Further, the left and right parts of the fence are treated separately: so if the right side is incorrectly drawn, and left error is absent (or vice versa), the kid gets 4 points. If part of the left (right) side of the hedge is correctly drawn, and the part with errors, then the distorted side is estimated by one point. It also qualifies for hatching on the roof, and smoke rings. If only some elements of smoke rings are copied correctly, the kid gets one point, if the shading on the roof with errors is drawn, one point is put. The incorrectly represented number of details in the elements of the picture for the error is not considered. It does not matter how many lines there are in the hatching of the roof, smoke rings or planks in the fence.
4. Incorrect placement of components in the picture space (1 point). The errors of this type include placing the fence above the bottom of the house (the house is suspended in the air) or below it (the fence should be on the common with the base of the line house). A mistake is considered to be a significant shift of the window to the right or to the left of the center. If the smoke deviates more than thirty degrees from the horizontal line - this is also an error. Oversight is also considered if the size of the base of the roof corresponds to the foundation of the house, but does not exceed it (the roof on the sample overhangs the house).
5. What further does Gutkin NI recommend? The technique of "house" is a complex technology. A mistake is considered to be the deviation of straight lines from a given direction by more than thirty degrees (1 point): a skew of horizontal and vertical lines, of which the roof and the house consist. The child is not allowed to change the angle of the roof sideways, "to fill" (more than thirty degrees) the fence sticks, to deviate from the horizontal straight fence base line (more than thirty degrees).
6. Clearances between the lines where they should be connected (1 point for each lumen). If the hatching lines on the roof do not touch the roof line, 1 point is placed for the entire shading, and not for each of its wrong lines.
7. Overlapping each other (1 point for each overlay). If the lines of the roof hatching go beyond its outlines, one scores all the hatching, and not each of its incorrect lines.

For good performance of the exercise, 0 points are awarded. In fact, the worse the child has drawn the picture, the higher the total evaluation of his work.

Agree, quite an interesting technique, "Domik" (NI Gutkin). Interpretation of the results of this experiment is always carried out taking into account the age of the future student.

It is known that children of five years very rarely receive zero points because of the incomplete maturity of the brain areas controlling the sensorimotor organization. And what about the work of a 10-year-old baby, which is rated one point or more? Such a result indicates the unsuccessful development of one or several psychological fields that are tested by the method.

Analysis of results

How does the exercise proposed by N. Gutkin suggest analyzing? The method of "house" is a very complex system. The specialist should emphasize the nature of the lines: "shaggy" or too fatty lines can indicate, according to the sources available on this issue, the state of anxiety of the preschooler. But such a conclusion can not be done in any way, relying only on one drawing. The suspicion that appears should be checked by special experimental methods.

Analogue

So, with what is the "House" technique (NI Gutkin) compared? Conclusions, which she allows to do, help to assess the readiness of the child to school loads. Many consider this technology as an analog of the II and III exercises of the Kern-Jirasek test, namely: copying written letters (II lesson) and copying a group of points (III lesson).

Comparing the results of these schemes, the experts came to the conclusion that the "Domik" technology reveals the same psychological qualities in the development of the baby as the II and III lessons of the Kern-Yirasek test.

In fact, we found out what the technique of "Domik" (NI Gutkin) is. Processing a completed task takes a little time. The results are calculated in points in order to track changes in the sensorimotor evolution of the same child at different ages.

By the way, it's forbidden to experiment with myopic babies in this way.