General urine analysis and blood test: characteristics of delivery, indicators, rates and deviations

In our high-tech age, doctors remain faithful to proven methods of diagnosis, such as blood tests, urine, feces. As a rule, not a single reception from the therapist does not remain without referral to these tests. But are they informative?

Why do general tests?

As soon as the body fails, it immediately reflects on the main indicators of biological fluids - blood and urine. Depending on what is not so, these or other characteristics change.

And if the material is collected correctly, even general tests can be quite informative for the initial diagnosis. Later, when the doctor understands which direction to look for, he can ask the patient to go through refining tests to confirm or disprove his assumptions. But it is the general analysis that will tell him what the problem may be. And if the visitor came as part of a medical examination, then this is also a quick way to understand if everything is all right and to remove most of the health issues. In short, proven methods simply have nothing to replace - so they are effective. Not surprisingly, they are still being used so actively.

At the same time, urinalysis and blood analysis are often considered in the complex, as this significantly increases the information content. That's why even in the absence of complaints, doctors often give patients two directions for tests at once.

Blood

This fluid is an invaluable source of information, it, in fact, is the carrier of life in the human body. Its composition is unique, so it has not yet been possible to synthesize a full-fledged substitute that could save hundreds of thousands of lives around the world. Blood consists of the liquid part - the plasma, and the cells contained in it. Both these components are extremely important. The plasma is colorless and similar in composition to salt water, although not identical to it. The color of blood is attached to various cells - red and white corpuscles. All their kinds have their own function and can not be replaced by others. If everything was not arranged the way it was, otherwise it would be difficult to imagine the world as we know it.

The main types of blood cells are: leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelets. The first are responsible for protecting the body from harmful bacteria and maintain immunity, the latter provide respiration and nutrition for all cells in the body, while others help in any injuries and injuries to quickly "patch" wounds. The ratio of the number of these cells, as well as their behavior and reaction under certain conditions, are observed in the analysis of blood.

Urine

This fluid is no less important in assessing health status. Since it is a product of blood filtration, a lot of problems in the body also quickly become visible when analyzing its composition. 97% of urine consists of water, the rest - the decomposition products of protein substances, as well as salts.

For various disorders and imbalance of metabolism, foreign elements appear in the product of the kidneys, or changes in normal values occur. For example, in inflammatory processes of the excretory system in the urine, bacteria can be detected, although it is normally sterile. In other cases, proteins or special elements-cylinders can be found. Thus, urinalysis and blood tests are equally important - they can help to look at the problem from different angles.

Feces

The product of food processing by the body can also give some information about human health. In particular, with its help it is possible to assess the state of the intestine, diagnose dysbacteriosis or infection with certain types of parasites. In other cases, tests using this biomaterial can reveal bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract and malfunction of the bile duct system. In general, do not neglect these analyzes.

Preparation and delivery procedure

Clinical tests of blood and urine require specific actions when collecting material and immediately before it. Despite the fact that these rules seem to be known to everyone, it is not superfluous to remember them again.

Correct for the general analysis will be to collect the morning portion of urine. Before this, it is necessary to hold the toilet of external genitalia, especially for the female, but men should not be neglected to avoid distortion of results. Next, you need to collect an average portion in sufficient quantity in a sterile container.

Well and to hand over on the analysis a blood, it is necessary to visit a procedural office on an empty stomach. If this rule is violated, the material may become unsuitable for research. When it is not a question of a general analysis, the question of preparing to take blood from a doctor should be further clarified. In some cases, the ration is adjusted for a certain time before the test. In others, on the contrary, it is necessary to eat. In other words, the conditions vary.

To pass the analysis of urine and blood is simple - the direction can be taken as a district therapist, and go without the appointment to any paid clinic. The results will be ready very quickly.

Special tests

In addition to the fact that there is a general analysis of blood and urine, considering the main indicators, there are many more. For example, at an increased risk of diabetes, a glucose tolerance test is often performed. If there is a suspicion of this or that disease, they are looking for antibodies to its pathogen. More blood is often used to carry out genetic tests that detect various predispositions and predispositions. In a word, there are a lot of special options, but there must be certain grounds for assigning any of them. In any case, blood is an invaluable source of information about the state of the human body.

As for urine, it can also give useful information about health. Since, in fact, it is a filtered blood, some of the substances also get into it, albeit in a much lower concentration. In addition, urine allows you to know how well the kidneys work. In order to understand this, it is enough to conduct a trial of Zimnitsky.

Norm

Urinalysis and blood tests are the most popular and simple tests that rely on basic indicators and material properties. Despite the fact that normal values can be individual for each person, there are certain limits, the way out is a cause for concern.

For urine, the normal values are approximately the same for both sexes, so that division, as with blood, is generally not applied.

By the way, the pH of urine largely depends on the diet. People who mostly prefer food of plant origin, can often suffer from inflammation due to a violation of the natural barrier and the proliferation of harmful bacteria due to alkaline environment.

Biochemical analysis of blood and urine, in addition to the already listed indicators, also considers the composition of the biomaterial for trace elements and some other substances that signal more serious problems and processes. Usually, such tests are prescribed more or less accurately before starting a serious examination.

Test results

Blood and urine can give a lot of information to knowledgeable people, but most have no idea what those deviations from the norm mean.

For example, the number of erythrocytes can be increased or decreased in both malignant formations, and in anemia or oxygen starvation. ESR can increase or decrease during pregnancy, menstruation, after trauma, in the presence of inflammatory processes, myocardial infarction, as a result of taking certain medicines.

As for urine, here, too, everything is not so unambiguous. Any changes can speak both about serious diseases, and simply about features of a food and a way of life. Thus, the urine analysis and blood test should be read and interpreted by the doctor, correlating the results with an anamnesis, complaints and the overall picture.