Federal Law on Education in the Russian Federation: articles, content and comments

The Law on Education in the Russian Federation - 273 FZ, adopted by the State Duma on December 21, 2012, completely regulates the education in our country. For heads of educational institutions this document is a reference book, a kind of Bible, which they are obliged to know and strictly observe all the provisions. It is desirable that both parents and students of various educational institutions also get acquainted with the main provisions of the Law.

Unfortunately, within the framework of one article it is impossible to disassemble in detail the entire Law, each of its clauses. We will analyze the key, most important provisions that can help many consumers of educational services, since the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" is applied in kindergartens, schools, colleges, universities, etc.

Basic concepts

Education - a single purposeful process of education and training of the individual, the totality of acquired knowledge, skills, experience, moral values, attitudes. The goal is the formation of a fully developed citizen with a high intellectual, physical, cultural, spiritual and moral development.

It is a mistake to believe that education consists only in obtaining information. Here we incorrectly operate with terms.

Training is the purposeful acquisition of knowledge, skills, and skills.

Education - a process aimed at the spiritual and moral development of the individual, as a result of which the development of generally accepted rules and norms should occur.

Education includes training (acquisition of knowledge and skills), education (mastering of generally accepted norms), physical development.

Teacher: the concept, the requirement for education

A pedagogical worker is a person who carries out the educational process. He is in labor relations with an educational organization, performs certain duties, receiving wages for it. Before the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" was adopted, there were no restrictions at the legislative level for the admission of a teacher at the school, a kindergarten teacher. At school it was quite normal to see a teacher as a teacher, who himself had difficulty finishing it at the time. In the absence of professional cadres, with a low remuneration of teachers, few people went to pedagogical universities. The problem is aggravated by a very low percentage of graduates who decided to link their lives with educational institutions.

Today the situation is different: the law "On Education in the Russian Federation" establishes a ban on teaching people who do not have the appropriate qualifications. In Art. 46 of the Law directly establishes that the right to be an employee of education is a person who has graduated from an average special or higher education institution. One education is not enough. It will still be necessary to pass an additional specialization of "Pedagogy", if the institution of higher education or the applicant's language is not pedagogical.

Education document

The law "On Education in the Russian Federation" presupposes the issuance of supporting documents (certificate, diploma) for the passage of the following levels of education:

1. Basic general.
2. Average overall.
3. Initial professional.
4. The average is professional.
5. Higher education - bachelor's degree.
6. Higher education is a specialty.
7. Higher education is magistracy.

Education system

The Law "On the Education of the Russian Federation" (the latest edition) contains the hierarchy of the main components in the unified education system:

1. Federal state standards and instructions are normative documents for which educational activities of schools, institutes, colleges are obligated to carry out educational activities. It does not matter the status of an educational organization: commercial, budgetary, state - if it has a license to issue relevant documents, it must conduct training Based on standards.
2. Direct implementation of training: educational organizations, teaching staff, trainees, legal representatives.
3. Federal state bodies, authorities of subjects that exercise control. The main role belongs to the Federal State Service for Supervision in Education (Rosobrnadzor). In regions, this function is performed by the ministries of education of the regions. They monitor the implementation of state standards in educational institutions.
4. Organizations that provide educational activities. Districts finance district schools by district education committees. They also conduct appraisal activities in the controlled territory of all schools.
5. Associations of individuals or legal entities that carry out educational activities. A clear example is the trade union of pedagogical workers.

Objectives of federal state standards

The Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" assigns a key place to federal state standards. They perform the following tasks:

1. Unity of education. From this it follows that throughout the country the students receive an identical level of education, which means equality of opportunity.
2. Continuity. Despite the dynamic development and reform of the education system, the introduction of new standards and requirements, the key task is to maintain continuity. It is impossible to completely destroy the entire system every year for the sake of momentary political or economic benefits.
3. Variability. Despite the unity of education in general, the law on education in the Russian Federation excludes the rigid totalitarian framework of unity when it is received. Depending on the ability, desire, time, various options are created to achieve certain tasks.
4. Guarantee. It follows that the state controls the unity of education throughout the country.

You can study at home! Forms of training

It is difficult to imagine it to a Soviet citizen, but the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" provides for training not only in educational institutions. Article 17 lists the admissible forms of study:

1. In the traditional form - in specialized educational institutions.
2. In an alternative form - outside specialized educational institutions.

The traditional form is divided into:

1. Full time.
2. In absentia.
3. Full-time.

Distance learning is gaining popularity in our time. In the age of information technology, it has become a reality to visit museums, theaters, rare exhibitions on the other end of the planet without leaving home. Information and communication technologies penetrated into the training.

The law "On Education of the Russian Federation" is a new law. However, he does not single out distance education in a separate category. The pupil is at home, prepares on an individual schedule, listens to lectures remotely, using communication channels of communication. Consequently, distance education belongs to the category of correspondence education.

Alternative form

You do not need to send a child to school today to receive a certificate of secondary education. The law "On Education in the Russian Federation" allows such an opportunity. In addition, the state allocates money for alternative forms of education for each child.

Kinds

Obtaining a certificate outside the school is divided into two types:

1. Family education.
2. Self-education.

Family education involves the transfer of the function of education to a family. It is for such a form that the state pays compensation. Of course, schools react very painfully to this. This is understandable: no one wants to remain without a salary. Judicial practice shows that courts are completely on the side of parents. The average compensation for a student of middle and senior level is about 10 thousand rubles.

The problem of attracting child labor as cleaners

Watching around the school is a tradition that came to us from the Soviet past. Many parents still do not see a problem in washing the floors of children as part of the school's watch. However, Article 34 of the Law explicitly provides for the parents' consent to such a child's involvement in labor. Teaching on technology and labor training are compulsory. It is on them that pupils are legally required, in accordance with federal state programs, to engage in labor: sewing, cooking, and woodworking. All the rest - only at the request of the parents.

Results

So, the main law that regulates the sphere of education is the Federal Law "On Education of the Russian Federation". His articles contain a description of the organization of the educational process, the competencies of local authorities, the forms and types of education, the rules of final attestation, etc. The most interesting points of this Law we disassembled in the article.