Factors of inanimate nature: definition and examples. Influence of factors of inanimate nature on human life

Ecology is one of the main components of biology, which studies the interaction of the environment with organisms. The environment includes various factors of animate and inanimate nature. They can be both physical and chemical. Among the first you can name the temperature of the air, solar rays, water, soil structure and thickness of its layer. The factors of the inanimate nature are also the compositions of soil, air and substances dissolved in water. In addition, there are also biological factors - organisms that live in such a locality. On the ecology for the first time began to speak in the 60 years of the last century, it originated from a discipline such as natural history, which was engaged in observations of organisms and their description. Later in the article, various phenomena that shape the environment will be described. We will also find out what are the factors of inanimate nature.

general information

To begin with, we will determine why organisms live in certain places. This question was asked by naturalists during the exploration of the globe, when they compiled a list of all living beings. Then there were two characteristic features that were observed throughout the territory. First, new species are identified in each new area, which were not detected earlier. They supplement the list of officially registered. Second - regardless of the growing number of species, there are several main types of organisms that are concentrated in one place. So, biomes are large communities that live on land. Each group has its own structure, in which vegetation dominates. But why can there be similar groups of organisms in different parts of the globe, even at great distances from each other? Let's understand.

Human

In Europe and America there is an opinion that man is created to conquer nature. But to date it has become clear that people are part of the habitat, not the other way around. Therefore, society will survive only if nature is alive (plants, bacteria, fungi and animals). The main task of mankind is to preserve the Earth's ecosystem. But in order to decide how one should not act, we need to study the laws of interaction of organisms. Factors of inanimate nature have special significance in human life. For example, it's no secret to anyone how important solar energy is. It ensures a stable flow of many processes in plants, including cultural ones. They are grown by people, providing themselves with food.

Environmental factors of inanimate nature

In areas that have an unchanging climate, biomes of the same type live. What are the factors of inanimate nature in general? Let's find out. Vegetation is determined by climate, and the image of the community is due to vegetation. The factor of the inanimate nature is the sun. Near the equator, the rays fall to the ground vertically. Due to this, tropical plants receive more ultraviolet. The intensity of the rays that fall in the high latitudes of the Earth is weaker than near the equator.

The sun

It should be noted that due to the inclination of the earth's axis in different regions, the air temperature changes. In addition to the tropics. The sun is responsible for the temperature of the medium. For example, due to vertical rays, in the tropical regions the heat constantly keeps. In such conditions, plant growth accelerates. The species diversity of a given territory is affected by temperature fluctuations.

Humidity

Factors of inanimate nature are interrelated with each other. So, the humidity depends on the amount of ultraviolet obtained and on the temperature. Warm air keeps water vapor better than cold. During air cooling, 40% of the moisture condenses, sinking to the ground in the form of dew, snow or rain. In the region of the equator, warm air flows rise, are thinned, and then cooled. As a result, in some areas that are located near the equator, precipitation falls in huge numbers. Examples include the Amazon basin, which is located in South America, and the Congo River basin in Africa. Due to the large amount of rainfall there are tropical forests. In regions where the air masses dissipate to the north and south at the same time, and the air, cooling, again descends to the ground, the desert stretches out. Further north and south, in the latitudes of the United States, Asia and Europe, the weather is constantly changing-due to strong winds (sometimes from the tropics, and sometimes from the polar, cold side).

The soil

The third factor of the inanimate nature is the soil. It has a strong effect on the distribution of organisms. It is formed on the basis of the destroyed bedrock with the addition of organic substances (dead plants). If there is no necessary amount of minerals, the plant will develop badly, in the future it may die completely. Soil is of particular importance in human agricultural activities. As you know, people grow different cultures, which are then used for food. If the soil composition is unsatisfactory, then, accordingly, the plants will not be able to get all the necessary substances from it. And this, in turn, will lead to crop losses.

Factors of living nature

Any plant develops not separately, but interacts with other representatives of the environment. Among them are fungi, animals, plants and even bacteria. The connection between them can be very different. Starting from bringing benefits to each other and ending with negative influence on this or that organism. Symbiosis is a model of interaction between different individuals. In the people this process is called "cohabitation" of different organisms. Important factors in these relations are factors of inanimate nature.

Examples

Mutually beneficial and positive connections can be considered the relationship between the roots of plants of higher level and mycelium of the poderyozovik and birch, as well as aspen and boletus. Another such example is a nitrogen - fixing nodule bacterium and a legume plant. It is also necessary to identify animals. An illustrative example of such coexistence can be called an ox bird and a mammal. Feathered individual lives in Africa. There, practically all her life she spends near herbivorous mammals, hatching parasites from their skins. Thus, the bird is always full, and the animals are not tortured by pests. Factors of inanimate nature: light, water, habitat and nutrients - cause competition in environmental resources between individuals of some species. What does it mean? In this case, the ability to use certain resources is only for certain organisms. An example of competition can be called a pine forest. Here, trees of different ages "fight" for light. Plants that grow rapidly cover the slow-growing plantations with an outlet to the sun's rays, which can provoke their death.

Interspecific competition

The world is constantly fighting between organisms of the same group with the same requirements for environmental conditions. For example, in a mixed forest, an oak can compete with a hornbeam. Different organisms can adversely affect each other due to active substances that they release into water, air. These factors of inanimate nature can slow down the growth of other plants or provoke the body's death in general. Dodder, broomrape, Petrov cross - these are the most popular types of parasites among plants. Parasitic bacteria can cause diseases of the flora. For some animals, the tissues of living plants are food. Take, for example, rodents, ticks and various insects. All of them are considered herbivorous. In pastures animals eat certain plants: they avoid grass with a bitter taste and unerringly determine which representative of the flora is poisonous. Or here is another example: ivy, wrapping the trunk of its "victim", pulls out of it all the juices. But the orchid, located on the branches of trees, does no harm, using the plant as a habitat. In nature, everything is interconnected. And it should be protected, because it directly affects the activities of man.