Factors and reserves of growth in labor productivity

Any production sooner or later faces the limit of its capabilities. To ensure the growth of its effectiveness, it is enough to make certain changes, the need for which is caused by a combination of factors and additional reserves. With the right innovations and the use of hidden resources, an enterprise will necessarily increase the productivity of its employees.

Growth Factors

The growth of labor productivity depends on several important factors. What is it about? This concept implies the underlying causes that cause a positive dynamics of labor productivity. Each factor has mandatory conditions. For example, automation in an enterprise can not take place without a clear structure of the plant, factory, etc.

Factors and reserves of productivity growth can be divided into 4 groups: technical, organizational, socio-political, socio-economic and natural-climatic. The latter determine the level of effectiveness depending on the location. Natural and climatic conditions are especially important in the extractive industry.

Innovations

Technical and organizational factors and labor productivity growth reserves are associated with the modernization of the productive forces in society. These include the workforce, its improvement and a combination with other resources. In this case, as nowhere, scientific and technological progress is extremely important. Modern enterprises increase their productivity not because of the increase in employees or means of production, but at the expense of innovations and the introduction of new ideas.

Without the use of scientific and technical achievements, it is difficult to imagine a successful company. Labor productivity, indicators, factors, growth reserves - all this today is connected with modernization. Thanks to scientific and technical progress, the means of labor used are changing. Increases their productivity. A historical example: it was the introduction of new machines, machines and devices during the industrial revolution that allowed many industries to abandon manual labor.

Difficulties of modernization

The introduction of technical innovations in production involves several difficulties. Modernization is being done in order to increase the output and improve its quality. However, in order to achieve this result, it takes a lot of time. When new technologies are just starting to replace old ones, production speed is falling, which leads to losses and a reduction in profits. Thus, modernization is a risky step. It is worth starting, only with certain reserves of productivity growth.

The contradiction associated with the use of the fruits of scientific and technological progress can be resolved by using additional capacities that can temporarily fill the gap created by the abandonment of outdated technology. It is important to note one more point. The increase in labor productivity can become a significant advantage only in a market economy with free competition among industry participants.

Scientific achievements and market economy

Since science has become a separate force affecting production, the level of introduction of scientific and technological progress has begun to influence all aspects of production: labor, its application and organization. Changes of this nature not only give new devices, but also improve the working environment itself, make it more comfortable for the staff. Thanks to science, the difference between physical and mental labor gradually disappears. The technical factor is especially important in the extractive industry.

Finally, many advantages result from a combination of positive trends in science and market relations. Technical discoveries best open their potential in a competitive environment, when by natural selection the best innovations become the usual features of any effective production.

The social factor

The efficiency of production is affected by social and economic conditions. Such a system of relationships developed after the principles of market relations were established. Factors of an economic and social nature are reflected in a variety of phenomena: the well-being of people, education, the technical level of workers, and so on.

According to these criteria, only an enterprise that fully meets the collective, personal and social needs of its employees is effective. It is also necessary to improve the business skills of employees. But even the most correct personnel policy will not have a sufficient effect if there is at least a small improvement in people's living standards.

Features of the manufacture of products

The technology of production constantly needs to be updated. This factor requires several solutions. First of all, it is necessary to gradually reduce the duration of the production cycle. Also, owners of efficient enterprises take care to reduce the labor intensity of manufacturing goods. Production processes must form a single system in which all cycles are interconnected.

For example, an increasing number of enterprises use ultra-low and ultra-high temperatures and pressures, chemical methods of processing products, high-frequency currents, ultrasound, infrared radiation, super-strong materials, etc.

Application of new materials

In the conditions of constant changes, modern production facilities need high-quality raw materials. Therefore, more and more often enterprises use electrical engineering novelties, chemical technologies, etc. Such progress is associated with numerous environmental risks, and therefore requires a particularly careful attitude.

For example, synthetic polymers are used in a variety of industries . These artificial materials are substitutes for wood, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, as well as other natural raw materials. Today, without polymers, it is already impossible to solve some important technical problems. And in engineering with the help of this material reduce the weight of important structures and improve the appearance of cars. At products from plastic labor input much more low, than at natural analogues. In other words, this material is much more effective and economically more profitable.

Current and future reserves

Even if all factors are taken into account, it is impossible to achieve an increase in the enterprise's performance without using all possible reserves of productivity growth. According to the generally accepted classification, they can be divided into two large groups. These are the reserves associated with improving the use of labor, and those that are based on the best application of the means of production.

In turn, both these groups are also divided according to the characteristics of the place and the time of their use. Thus, labor productivity growth reserves can be promising and current. Some additional features can be used only during the year. They are considered to be current. Such reserves do not require profound transformations in production, technical reorganization and large capital investments. They are carried out promptly and relatively simply. But promising reserves are associated with fundamental technical changes and the introduction of fundamentally new production technologies.

Additional industry resources

In addition to time, labor productivity growth reserves depend on the place of their use. Sectoral and intersectoral groups are associated with changes in certain areas of the economy. Their meaning is very great. The identification of reserves for the growth of labor productivity in several sectors is necessary for that. To use their advantages for the benefit of each other. To involve them is more difficult, but the result of such transformations will be much more noticeable.

In this case, an important role is played by such indicators as the degree of concentration, organization and combination of production capacities. To identify and identify reserves in inter-industry spaces, there are special research and scientific institutions, as well as state ministries.

Sources of growth within the enterprise

Some additional opportunities to improve the enterprise are in its own walls. These growth reserves are called intra-production growth. They are also divided into guild, general factory and belonging to the workplace. With their help, you can reduce the labor intensity of the production itself. This is an inexhaustible and important reserve, which is often addressed in the first place. As a rule, it is associated with automation and mechanization of the workflow. Labor productivity, indicators, growth reserves - all this depends to a great extent on how large the share of modern equipment.

Reducing the complexity, the employer helps his employees to achieve greater results in less time. This benefits not only them, but also the final product buyer. In addition, so the employer can reduce his own costs for extra staff, whose work becomes unnecessary due to the appearance of updated inventory. Such a solution is an example of effective optimization.

Correct use of time

To take advantage of working time reserves, it is necessary to compare the actual and planned data about it. It is for this reason that all sorts of reports are so common that they fix the dynamics of labor. The generalization of such a large array of data requires considerable time. Statistics, reporting and planned work time balances, additional studies and surveys - all this builds the calculation of labor productivity growth reserves.

These indicators do not exist by themselves. They are directly related to the laboriousness discussed above. The reserves of productivity growth, labor efficiency also depend on it. An important problem of working time and labor is the loss associated with working shifts. They can be avoided only by correctly distributing human resources in the enterprise. In order to get rid of the irrational use of working time, the owners of companies resort to the introduction of new schedules and plans.

Efficiency of work

In addition to the types already listed, the internal labor productivity growth reserves consist of labor-saving and labor-generating reserves. Using them, enterprises can significantly improve their own performance. Labor-forming reserves, as a rule, imply additional compaction of working time, as well as an increase in the intensity of labor. At first glance, it is rather difficult to calculate such phenomena, but this is not so. In order to evaluate them, use the indicators of the duration of working days.

Labor-saving reserves of labor productivity growth at the enterprise are calculated according to the labor intensity. The efficiency of working hours can also be improved by changing the personnel policy. Low productivity in the enterprise is often due to poor training of employees. Advanced training is one way to improve the quality of their work. Thus, the classification of labor productivity growth reserves includes several species and subspecies. When you mobilize each of them, you can significantly improve the efficiency of the enterprise.