Educational universal actions. Universal Learning Activities for GEF

Educational universal actions (UAL) in our time are the basic skills of each person. After all, they are generalized skills that open the possibility for self-improvement and self-education. In other words, this is the ability to learn.

Personal actions

Decision to divide into four types. The first category includes personal training universal actions. They provide the semantic and value orientation of schoolchildren. Students learn moral norms, learn to correlate events and actions with ethical principles, understand the meaning and significance of morality, try to try on social roles that later develop in interpersonal relationships.

In this category, it is customary to distinguish three types of personal actions. The first is the vital, professional and personal self-determination. The second - the formation of meaning. In accordance with the GEF, the so-called the establishment of schoolchildren links between the motive of learning, its purpose, results and prospects. Sense formation is manifested if children think about the meaning of education for them and are able to answer the question of what it means for them.

The third type includes moral and ethical orientation - one of the most important personal components, influencing the moral installation of the child.

Regulatory actions

They must also be mentioned. Educational universal actions related to this category provide the schoolchildren with the organization of their educational activities.

Take, for example, goal-setting. It implies the ability of the student to set himself a learning task. The goal-setting in this situation is carried out on the basis of correlating the studied with the unknown.

Also, regulatory learning universal actions include planning. A person who can determine the sequence of intermediate goals and make a certain "orientation" to achieve them, may in the future have great prospects.

The same category of actions includes forecasting, the ability to control one's activities, correct and adequately assess it. And of course, you can not forget about self-regulation. Educational universal actions to develop and improve is much easier if a person is able to use will, and also mobilize his energy and strength. However, pedagogues and parents should teach all this to children. Without showing interest and working on themselves, the makings of even the most useful qualities and skills "fade away."

Cognitive actions

This is the third category. It should be noted with attention, telling about universal educational actions on GEF. It is the teachers who must actively contribute to the development of the cognitive skills of their pupils. These include general educational and logical abilities, as well as the formulation and subsequent solution of the problem.

The teacher is obliged to develop in children the ability to independently identify and formulate the cognitive goal, to find the necessary information, to structure the received knowledge, consciously and competently to build speech, to read meaningfully.

In the process of obtaining education, students receive new universal educational activities. They become able to analyze and synthesize, establish cause-effect relationships, build a logical chain of reasoning, prove the correctness of their words, put forward and justify hypotheses, formulate problems and independently create ways to solve them. All of the above actions children learn to exercise in the classroom. After all, lessons are the main pedagogical tool for implementing the requirements set by GEF.

Communicative actions

Each person performs them almost from birth. After all, people are social beings. Many universal learning activities are communicative.

Take, for example, the planning of cooperation between the teacher and pupils. Together they determine the goals, functions of participants, choose methods of interaction. They collectively search for and collect information, identify and identify problems, and seek solutions to them. In ambiguous situations, the ability to control and correct the opponent's behavior is manifested.

Also, in the process of obtaining education, children master the dialogical and monologic forms of speech. These skills also include universal training activities on GEF. Children during the school must compulsorily master the norms of their native language.

On the formation of DAL

All of the above skills, skills and qualities do not arise from scratch. The formation of universal learning activities is a complex process, carried out and controlled by teachers.

Their goal is to provide their pupils with assistance in the process of mastering all the components of educational activities. Each child under their leadership should become a person with the basics of moral behavior and general educational skills. This is the model of the primary school graduate, declared by the requirements of GEF.

results

A successfully implemented program of universal learning activities favorably affects the level of development of children. They acquire the ability to learn on their own, set goals for themselves, seek and apply information to carry out assignments, monitor the process, and provide an adequate assessment of the results.

DAL is the kind of skills that must be laid in all elementary school lessons. No wonder the founder of scientific pedagogy Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky said that every lesson should be for the teacher the goal. Pupils must constantly improve, and learn something new in all lessons without exception.

About the process

Now you can talk a little about how exactly universal learning activities are carried out in the classroom. There are many methods. But the most popular is the use of intellectual games. After all, we are talking about primary classes. And they learn children who are still at that age, when they want to have fun.

The game is a powerful means of socializing the child, contributing to the development in it of empathy, reflection, the ability to look at oneself from the outside. Which UDD can be developed in children in this way? Variety. The formation of the ability to associatively think is facilitated by the game of "Association". The essence is simple. The teacher calls one word, and the children begin to call what they associate with him.

Then the principle becomes more complicated. The teacher lists several words at once, and the children should distribute them in two groups, each of which is characterized by some special feature. The series can be as follows: a cat, a sofa, a dog, a parrot, a table, a cabinet, a box, a dolphin, an armchair. In this case, the students will select two groups, one of which will bring the animals, and the other - furniture. And this is just one such example. In fact, intellectual games exist in huge numbers, which can not but rejoice. After all, each lesson for children can become diverse and at the same time cognitive.

Specificity and problems

It is important to note that in our time the development of universal educational activities is not carried out as before. There are many reasons for this.

Gradually preschool activities lose their relevance - they are replaced by classes of educational type. Because of what in the lives of children there is a completely miserable plot-role game aspect. The preschooler learns the motivational sphere too early. And this is not good, because at first the child should develop a psychological readiness for educational activities.

This is the first thing that modern parents need to understand. Those who used to focus on mental development, forgetting about the spiritual and moral component.

The awareness of children has also grown. Also, the Internet replaced literary reading, which is very bad. Not reading children it is very difficult to master the method of semantic analysis of texts, to develop imagination and logical thinking. Many preschoolers become intellectually passive, because they have unlimited access to the World Wide Web, and if they need to learn something, they do not learn, but simply look for it in an online search.

Teacher's tasks

There are countless goals for the teacher. He should pay attention to the developmental value of all the tasks that they perform. He also needs to prove the need to acquire this or that knowledge, to assure the children of its usefulness and practicality. It is desirable for a teacher to interest schoolchildren in discovering new knowledge, developing memory, implementing extracurricular activities for the purpose of self-development.

In addition, the teacher attracts pupils to participate in various events and collective creative activities, encourages their initiative, always gives the chance to correct the mistake. And this is not even 1/10 of what the teacher does. Therefore, highly qualified teachers are invaluable. After all, they do not just implement the requirements of GEF - they help children grow up as worthy and competent personalities with perspectives.