Education in Russia

Essay on the theme: "The problem of education in modern Russia."

Education is the purposeful cognitive activity of people in obtaining knowledge of skills or in improving them. As the famous French writer Denis Diderot said: "Education gives a person dignity, and the slave begins to realize that he is not born for slavery." Education is one of the most important in human life. Intelligence, that's what distinguishes us from other creatures, the ability to analyze and draw conclusions, accumulate more and more knowledge about the world around us. To discover the unknown and to build it is not conceivable, makes the heart beat more often before the discovery of new scientific laws, making our life more interesting and entertaining. Allows us to digress from everyday activities and plunge into the sea of discoveries and research. As the ancient Greek philosopher Mark Tulius Cicero said: "To live is to think." Without mental thinking, a person is an animal that does not have a soul; Living according to the natural law of nature, guided by desires, instincts and reflexes. Refuse all knowledge, scientific works of books, centuries created by enthusiasts who believed in the infinite power of knowledge, and that in the future there will be no place for fools and idiots on the planet; Means to condemn humanity to mass extinction, as the dinosaurs once died out. But death will come not by the will of God, but by the dullness of the whole human race.

During the reign of Emperor Nicholas II, the literacy of the population in the Russian Empire was very low for a country that had long been waving in the industrial age. Since the creation of the USSR and the revolution of 1917, education has been given priority attention, since the construction of socialism of communism requires an intelligent and educated population. As Lenin said: "... our school must give young people the basis of knowledge, the ability to develop communist views themselves, and make educated people out of them. It should, but time, while people in it learn, to make from them the participants in the struggle for liberation from the exploiters. The first step of the authorities is the creation of a commission to combat illiteracy in Russia. This program included: the construction of literacy and faculty schools where illiterate and illiterate people of all ages and classes were trained; The establishment of special compulsory courses for teachers, held once a year. After all , it is simply impossible to create a powerful economically, politically, socially developed state without postponing the functioning educational system . In the fall of 1923, the All-Russian Voluntary Society "Down with Illiteracy" was established. The main problem with which the state met was the situation with the so-called homeless children who lost their families and did not have their own place of residence. The problems were solved, through the formation of a commission engaged in improving the lives of children and their literacy. Already by 1935 the mass homelessness was eliminated. Since then, the country has been affected by educational fever. People were drawn to knowledge, especially since all conditions were created in the country for obtaining a good and most important quality education. At that time a huge number of professional schools, technical schools and universities functioned on the territory of our state. In terms of the number of students, the USSR was far superior to such countries as the United Kingdom, Germany, France and Japan. The population census conducted in 1959 demonstrated that illiteracy among the population of the country was almost completely eradicated. Science developed at a fast pace, and with it industry and economy, the military power and authority of the Soviet Union in the international arena grew at the same time. It was during the Soviet era that such names and names were known as Landau PA, Tamm IE, Kapitsa AN, Semenov NN, Keldysh MV, Tupolev AN, Korolev S P., Kurchatov IV, who achieved great success in the fields of physics, chemistry, mathematics, aviation and rocket engineering. Such a great leap forward in the development of science allowed Russia to establish itself as the most educated country in the world. The key to such success was the 1977 constitution, which enshrines the right of Soviet citizens to free education from all levels, from primary to higher.

A big step back was made by the state education system, after the signing of the Belovezhsky agreement by Yeltsin in 1991. If in the Soviet era, our prosperous empire was one of the ten most educated countries in the world, it is now at 71st place, next to St. Lucia, Albania and Macedonia. Honestly, today our education is going through not the best years. There are too many problems that the modern government can not solve. The level of literacy in Russia for people from 9 to 49 years is 99.8%, this is higher than in the United States and Great Britain. But in fact, having become more deeply acquainted with the Russian population, you are convinced of the infidelity of the statistics compiled. In the country only teenagers have two million illiterate people, of whom 700,000 are orphans, while the rest live in unfavorable conditions. Illiteracy is taking on alarming scales every year, increasing by 8-10%. A large number of Russians believe that schooling now costs a lot. All due to the fact that the state allocates too little money to the external development of school premises, so parents do not want their children to learn in dirty and ugly classes, thereby making many voluntary donations in favor of school needs. Also commercialization in educational institutions, made Russian secondary and higher education one of the most expensive in the world. An equally important problem is the low level of teacher training. Many of them do not know how to find the right approach to the student, can not be interested in their subject, because of which conflicts often arise in schools; Pedagogical skills are almost absent. There is no international recognition of Russian standards of secondary education, therefore, graduates of our domestic schools can not directly enter foreign universities. Our education has become very uncompetitive, can not provide a native power with intelligent and well-educated people. Previously, we were proud of how we developed and taught mathematics, physics, chemistry. But now we are no longer leaders, at the height of the Netherlands and Sweden, this is directly related to mathematics, but in the field of physics and chemistry, where huge material investments are required: to buy up-to-date, expensive equipment and rare reagents, to hire young and talented specialists, To great regret, very little. The quality of education is falling and falling, we can soon approach the critical point when the economy begins to crumble, and not soon after, a default that could be announced to our state quite recently. Only then will the government get agitated, run in, try to change something else, carry out some unnecessary reforms, but it will be too late.

There are two types of reasons for the decline in education in the country. The first is personal. Schoolboys are not interested in reading textbooks, doing homework, let alone self-education. At least there were elementary rules of behavior in schools. All because of the appearance of a mass of distractions such as computers, behind them the children sit for hours; Walking with friends until night; Drinking, drug addiction, teenage prostitution. Yes, it existed before, but nowadays these classes receive a rather wide resonance. Strangely enough, the fascination with sports does not enlighten the person mentally. And now sport is popular, almost a quarter of our population is engaged in it, from there such negative results are, of course, with regard to the state of education and the general situation of literacy in Russia. In the opinion of most students, after school knowledge will not be of use to them, and without this they will be able to succeed (success means the acquired big, money-capital). But the fact is that you can not become a businessman and organize your own business, without higher education. How you can manage people, if you can not manage yourself - to force yourself, at least once in a lifetime a book to read, this is unlikely to become worse. To have your own enterprise, shop or restaurant, you need to understand this well. And not on aboom: I want this and that, that, but I have no idea what the essence of these things is. Many do not think about the future, what will happen after this free, easy life; Confident that parents will help them settle down in the further continuation, and even if you can not find a job, that is always your home, where people love you and are always waiting, but they do not think so. This is at best, and at worst you will simply find yourself on the street without housing and money, without any help from close people, because everyone will not care about you, in a year other best friends with whom you once had fun, or maybe Even rescued at a difficult moment, they will forget about your existence, when you meet with them, you will fall into an embarrassing situation, resembling some vagabond or "bum", envying their fate, referring to God's despicable, bad luck, an unfortunate combination of circumstances. , Which made a huge, fatal, fateful Mistake, not studying at school, cursing those days when you were truant, or did not go to school at all.If you understood this then another person was coming before people.

The second kind of reasons is constitutional, or state. The main problem is not the conformity of the article "on the rights and freedoms of a citizen" and the law "on education", where it is said that each student must reach a certain educational level, regardless of abilities and desires, this does not fit in any way with the above article. The most important thing is that no liability is provided for non-compliance with the constitutional requirements for secondary education. It is this defect in the constitution that the students use, upon admission to school, learning to the best of their desire. Everyone chooses, learns or does not. Unfortunately, in modern Russia all schoolchildren implement this principle. From the point of view of the economy, material investments are simply wasted. The solution to this problem is the revision of the constitutional rules, by adding to it an item on administrative, and even in some cases, criminal liability, for not achieving national educational standards. Equally problematic is the situation with the current funding of both higher and secondary education. Financing of general education schools is carried out by allocating material resources for a pre-planned number of students. If part of the students miss training days, the money allocated for their training becomes unnecessary and, according to the law, must be returned, and because of this the school budget is reduced, the teaching staff is reduced, the educational level of the students is reduced, etc. Therefore, in all Schools there is a shameful practice of overstating the marks in order to leave money investments inside the school establishment. One of the solutions to this problem is the creation of a commission that should check the real knowledge and capabilities of the students and follow the general attendance of the lessons. And, if schools continue to falsify the assessments of children, then the administration of this institution must pay a fine. In the Russian Federation there is a real opportunity to get a full and top quality secondary and higher education. But, if people do not want to use this gift, then do not force them, force them to teach lessons or go to school. From this the situation as a whole will not change, but it only wakes us up. This is the real reason for today's problems.

The problems are essentially visible, we know their causes and consequences, but what modern authorities are doing. Which reforms or projects in the field of education will be implemented, and which already exist at the moment. I want to touch on this problematic subject, of course, superficially. The first thing to write about is the Bologna Process. For those who are not privy to the secrets of the "Masonic organization", so this is the process of creating a unified, close education system among the countries of Europe, within the framework of the Bologna agreement. Its goal is to consolidate and establish a joint foreign space for higher education. Now a bit of historical information. At the end of the 20th century, a problem arose with the development of science (the spiritual sphere) that emerged because of the separation of university education, which prompted the establishment and signing of the Bologna Declaration by twenty-nine countries in 1999, in the building of the ministry of the Italian city of the same name. The agreement enshrined voluntary participation of all countries of Europe. Russia joined in September 2003 at the Berlin Conference. Participants in this process are almost all states, kingdoms and principalities in the European part of the continent, except San Marino and Monaco. On the broad expanses of the Russian Federation, after joining the Bologna Process, unpleasant problems arose: poor, insufficient awareness of officials about the basic state of affairs in the country and European education, and the aim of the Bologna process for most students is not clear; There is some confusion with educational programs, general education units, such as "master", "doctor of science", "bachelor". Imagine, for example, that if Russian diplomas on the completion of a higher education institution are recognized in Europe, then, of course, it will be easier for our students to find employment, but this can lead to an outflow of highly qualified specialists from their native country, and later to a shortage of workers in the field. Yes, even qualitative ones, which we have so little, because the most intelligent and talented representatives of our higher national school go abroad. But in principle, the Bologna Process has given our country the impetus for the proper development of education, by changing the current system.

It seems to me deplorable and ill-considered, is the plan of the Ministry of Education, adopted in 2009 to reduce the "budget places" in institutions. The government considers our state excessively secured by students who graduated from the university's 1,2. These are all dreams and delusions, fathers of lies and confrontation, which we have an overabundance, but in educated people we will always need. Such subjectivism curtails our constitutional freedoms, for free education.

This, with regard to the reform of higher education, but also in schools, no less important, fateful projects are planned, to reorganize its entire system. So one of the most important reforms is the transfer of secondary education to a paid basis. The state plans to pay only three lessons in the morning, but otherwise all classes will not be free. It is also possible, the organization of lessons on the presentation and discussion of future professions, on the territory of the enterprise with which the director signed an agreement, but such pastime will be financed by 30%, the rest should be paid out of the school treasury, which is already bursting at the seams of the amount of money inside Her ". But most of all it is amazing that about half of the children will not be able to get a full education, because of the lack of material resources from their parents. And just the currents, in this half concentrated most of the gifted, intelligent, willing to learn, children. Consequently, children of rich corrupt officials and violent bandits will get a good education. Now imagine that in the future the whole country will be managed by their offspring, which is not any better. True, almost the same situation is still in the country, but not so massive.

In recent times, all the well-known Honored Minister of Education of Russia, A. Fursenko, at a meeting of the college, suggested the introduction of the USE, after graduation from the bachelor's degree. According to his fame, this is a good, useful experience for the state. The purpose of such an experiment is to reveal the real quality of the received education at the university. According to this verification, the training of universities in Russia will be visible. The apparent supporters of the minister have responded positively to the innovation introduced, but the students and rectors of the institutes do not see the relevance and usefulness of this idea.

When will Russia cease to be a testing ground for dangerous, caustic tests and experiments. When there is a time of constancy in the country, these cardinal interventions only add fuel to the burning building of the educational institution.