Economical geography. Regions of the world

In geography and statistics, it is customary to allocate large regions of the world for more convenient handling of a huge amount of information, having common features in historical development, geographic location or economic state. It is understood that such a division allows scientists and officials to more accurately apply measures to regulate and stimulate the economy, as well as conduct responsible social policies.

Main regions of the world

The first and most obvious division is carried out with a cursory glance at the geographical and political map of the planet. Traditionally, countries are classified according to their position on the continents, but if such a division is not sufficiently informative, then the regions of the world are divided further.

In some cases, such as with Australia or South America, the boundaries of economic regions coincide with the outlines of the continents. On the North American continent there are two statistical regions - the North American and the Central America proper, the largest of which is Mexico.

Europe as part of the world is divided into South, West, North, East and Central. Each European region has only its peculiar geographical and historical features of development. In addition, in different regions speak languages belonging to different and linguistic groups and even families.

African cornucopia

On the African continent, experts singulate five regions that differ from one another in terms of the conditions in which the political identity of the peoples of their peoples was formed, as well as the economic situation.

The North African region includes seven countries with unconditional international recognition, among them Egypt, Libya, Sudan, Morocco, Tunisia and South Sudan and Algeria. In addition, on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean is a disputed territory, whose sovereignty is not recognized by most countries - the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.

Such a historical region of the world as West Africa, includes the eighteen states formed after the abolition of colonial empires. Some of these countries, such as Nigeria, have a large territory with a large population and population, while others, on the contrary, are a narrow strip along the Atlantic coast.

Regions of Central and Eastern Africa have similar geographic characteristics, but differ because of different sources of cultural influence. In East Africa, especially in the northern part, to this day the influence of the Italian colonialists is noticeable, even though they did not last long. At the same time, Portuguese and French speech can still be heard in the western part of the continent, and in some countries French is considered state or official, as in Benin and Senegal for example.

The South African region occupies a very special place in relation to its neighbors. For a long time in the Republic of South Africa, rules were in place that prohibited even the joint passage of white and black in one transport, and the main posts in the country were occupied by the descendants of European colonists. However, in 1994, apartheid was officially banned, which entailed a radical change in the internal situation in the country, from which the Europeans began to move massively.

Populous Asia

This part of the world is most densely populated by people and has numerous ancient cultures. It may seem to the outside observer that it is fairly homogeneous. However, this is not at all the case. On the expanses of this continent, several large economic-geographical and cultural regions are singled out at once: the Western, Central, Eastern, Northern, Southern and South-Eastern regions. Some researchers, paying attention to the geographical isolation of India, are inclined to consider it an independent ethnogeographical region with a rich cultural history.

Of course, China traditionally has a great influence in the Asian region, whose population today reaches one billion two hundred million people, and economic development makes it the second country after the US in terms of GDP.

Country and continent

A special place in the family of macroregions is Australia - a vast continent, in the southern hemisphere, in which the country of the same name is located, whose population is about twenty-four million people. Such a population, together with a large territory, puts it at the top of the ranking of the least densely populated regions of the world.

However, as a macroregion Australia is considered together with New Zealand and sometimes with the islands of Micronesia.

Two Americas

Both Americas are characterized by significant differences from their neighbors. In this part of the world, completely different from European local cultures emerged from scratch.

On the lands of these continents, three regions are singled out, with different economic and political structures - North American, South American and Central America. Each region is extremely populous.