Dredger for sand extraction: operating principle and types

Sand is a very important element used in the construction of any structure. As a building material, sand is formed in natural conditions and because of the influence of many natural factors. From the fact, in what conditions sand deposits are formed, the ways of its extraction directly depend.

Sand is a tiny bit of rock. It can be located both on the bottom of water bodies and on land, which is a considerable part of the surface. And for its extraction using a completely different methods.

What is necessary for production

But in order to extract sand from the bowels of the earth, not only trucks, dump trucks, a special dredger for sand extraction are needed, but also a license for such activity in a certain place, since without it it is illegal. The license is necessary for all miners, except landowners of garden and household plots, as well as enterprises that have developed production in places on the border of the removal of mountain and geological lands.

Methods of extraction of sand

For each method of sand extraction, specialized techniques and methods are used.

The first method is dry extraction. With this approach, sand is extracted from the quarry. Typical methods and techniques are used to openly extract any minerals. To begin with, drilling wells, then loosening with the help of explosives, and then loading onto trucks and export to factories, enterprises.

The second method involves the extraction of sand from the bottom of the reservoir (lake, river, shallow seas). In this case, a special design is used - the dredger for sand extraction. Also, as an option, you can use long-wheeled excavators, excavators with a dump bucket. However, such equipment is expensive, which affects the final price of the material.

Also, production can take place in wet conditions when using reclamation by means of hydraulics. Such a method does not require blasting and drilling operations. It has the advantage over competitive methods - the extracted sand is cleaned of impurities.

Sand mining in shallow water

As noted above, a dredge for sand mining is used on rivers, lakes and shallow seas. The principle of operation is as follows: a device with pumping equipment sucks in sand, which is located on the bottom of the reservoir. Then it is loaded into the ship's hold or onto the barge. The most convenient for such a method of production are dry reservoirs.

The dredger for sand mining has a complex design, which depends on the conditions of use. In particular, the bucket-type dredger is used if the ground on the site is more solid. The extracted sand is immersed and transported to the place where it passes the final cleaning of impurities.

Dredger Construction

The dredger for sand extraction contains a mandatory list of structural elements:

• The hull is a necessary part for fastening all necessary mechanisms, also it is equipped with pontoons.
• The piling apparatus is an important component, ensuring the movement of the dredger in the extraction of sand and soil.
• Deck superstructure - is located in the central pontoon, has a wheelhouse with the necessary equipment.
• The loosening device is the main part of the soil processing complex.

• Installation for transporting soil. It consists of several elements, it is usually located in the hold. The main parts: ground pump, suction wire, drive, as power unit and pressure line. The drive is usually a diesel, electric or diesel-electric drive.
• Arrow. It helps the mechanic to control the depth of development, and also to move the ripper device. Thanks to the winch, which is included in its base, the boom is raised and lowered.
• Water-supply equipment. Has an auxiliary role in the cooling, washing and sealing of pumping parts.

As can be seen from the description, a dredger for sand extraction, a photo of which vividly confirms the complex design of the mechanism, is a whole complex of interconnected systems, the interaction of which greatly facilitates the work of man and simplifies the obtaining of material.

Characteristics of dredgers

Dredgers in operation should have some characteristics that allow you to do the job as efficiently as possible. For example, installation and dismantling of the dredger should be short-lived and simple. For fast movement, the machine must have a floating base, which is quickly removed if necessary.

When choosing the equipment, it is necessary to pay attention to the dredge ratio of the dredger in the extraction of sand, the type of soil, the method of extraction and the possibility of the mechanism. The main characteristic of a dredger is its performance. This device, which combines many different functions. When the functions are coordinated, the maximum performance will be obtained.

Classification of dredges

These mechanisms are subdivided by the way of loading and transportation to:

• Dredging shell - loading and moving takes place due to pulp.
• Rockcore - are used for loosening rocky soils of various strengths.
• Bucket - a kind of excavating machines, move and dip the soil at the expense of the scoop.

By the method of transportation are divided into:

• Refueling. The coefficient of the penetration of a reefer dredger in the extraction of sand is an important characteristic affecting the productivity of the dredger. Transportation is carried out with the help of a pulpit afloat.
• Shaland. Transportation with the help of shaland - specialized vessels, which load the ground in the hold and transport it to the port.
• Longuculuaries. Used to move the soil of a long tray, which sends it ashore or on a cargo ship.
• Self-destructed. Based on the name, the dredger loads the soil into its hold and takes it away.
• With pulp ejection with a hydromonitor effect. Applicable if the work is carried out at the mouths of rivers, as well as in seawater with hydroponics.

By the mode of working movement:

• Anchor - move through built-in anchors.
• Self-propelled - movement due to the built-in engine.
• Pile - movement occurs on piles.
• Pile-anchor - they use both anchors and piles.

The method of work is divided into:

• Trench - dredger in the extraction of sand forms trenches, moving along the site.
• Papillonnay - dredger in the development of the site moves across it.