Domestic policy of Alexander 3

From the first days of the reign, Alexander's domestic and foreign policy was aimed at reconsidering the main initiatives of Alexander 2. And the main engine of this policy was DA Tolstoy, once a liberal bureaucrat, and now a newly-made minister of the interior. His actions, called "counter-reforms", were aimed at strengthening the power of the tsar and preserving the privileges of the nobles. But although Alexander 3 supported these transformations, his domestic policy was not only represented by them. The Emperor participated in the resolution of all matters relating to his empire. Alexander 3 knew the history of Russia well, loved it, believed in the connection of the common people with his monarch. And at the same time, he did not want to listen to the Constitution and to take the oath "some kind of cattle" (people).

The internal policy of Alexander 3 as a truly "peasant king" was aimed at improving the state of affairs in the countryside. Carrying out activities, he sought to improve the conditions of farming peasants. A year after his ascension to the throne, he established the Peasants' Land Bank, which issued loans to peasant associations and independent peasants to purchase land. The bank also dealt with the regulation of the transfer of peasants to certain landed estates. In 1886, they canceled the poll tax, which Peter had already established .

Also, the internal policy of Alexander 3 was manifested in the conduct of such, perhaps, the most important event, as the establishment of the Institute of Zemstvo Chiefs in 1889. From the hereditary noblemen, a district head of the district who was suitable for a specific educational and property criterion was chosen. He was supposed to oversee the activities of rural institutions, as well as the rural municipality. In his power was to change the decision that took the village gathering, punish the peasant with whips, fine, arrest. Moreover, the decree of the head of the zemstvo was not subject to appeal. That is, the police power over the peasant was restored, which was abolished by the previous ruler in 1861.

Domestic policy of Alexander 3 was in fact directed to the benefit of the nobility. And this was again confirmed by the following reform in 1890 (zemsk). According to it, in the urban curia, there were now half as many voters, limiting the number of peasants eligible to participate in elections, thereby ensuring the predominance of noblemen in the zemstvo institutions.

In 1892, the counter-reform was held in the city. From now on, the lower towns could not take part in local self-government. Significantly increased and the property criterion. As a result, even in such large cities as Petersburg and Moscow, only about 1% of the population participated in the elections. Such a reform was in sharp contradiction with the rapidly developing process of urbanization.

Domestic policy of Alexander 3 in the direction of judicial reforms was limited to eliminating the irremovability of investigators and judges, narrowing the range of cases that juries consider. However, the entire judicial charter in 1864 never changed.

The reforms of the new government also touched on public education. The autonomy of the university was abolished by the very fact of adopting a new university statute. Now the students had to wear a uniform. The fees for tuition have risen substantially. With the approval of ID Dilyanov, Minister of Education, many women's courses were closed. And the children of lackeys, coachmen, laundresses and other small people were generally forbidden to take to school for a gymnasium.

But all the reforms carried out as a whole did not change the political and social picture of the empire. This happened for the reason that in trying to break the public structure that was established under Alexander 2, the new reformers acted inconsistently and contradictory to the course of economic development. As a result, a deceptive impression of the inviolability of the monarchical system was created.