The Vienna Convention

The Convention is one of the types of sources of law, representing an agreement in writing, concluded by the states and regulated by the MP, regardless of the quantitative form of the related documents, and also regardless of its specific name.

Such international treaties include agreements regulating various spheres of public life. The subjects of such are human rights and freedoms, trade, air transportation, rail transport, protection of intellectual property and many others.

The 1980 Vienna Convention unified a number of international trade rules that were acceptable to many States with different systems of law. The 1980 Convention is grouped into four sections, and includes 101 articles. All of them are aimed at consideration of the following important issues: the concept of the contract, the form of contracts, the content of the rights and obligations of the parties, the parties' responsibility for non-fulfillment of the points stipulated by the contract.

In accordance with this document, an international treaty can be concluded in two forms: written and oral. The Vienna Convention of 1961 establishes that parties to treaties can be any WFP subject with contractual legal capacity. Only the state possesses universal legal capacity.

The Vienna Convention, the object of which is a contract of sale, applies to agreements between the commercial enterprises of its member countries. But, at the same time, some types of transactions do not fall under its action (for example, sales of securities, auction and some others).

The general form of liability in case of violation of the obligations of one of the parties is the demand for compensation of damage, including lost benefits. Responsibility does not come only when the accused party is able to prove that the violation of the clauses of the contract is caused by circumstances beyond its control.

The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961 is one of the main instruments regulating the field of diplomatic law. All heads of missions, according to the convention, are divided into three classes: ambassadors and nuncies (so called representatives of the Vatican), who receive accreditation with the heads of state; Envoys, ministers and internuntsiev, also accredited with the heads of state; Attorneys in cases receiving accreditation with foreign ministers.

In accordance with this convention, the staff of the mission is divided into several categories: diplomatic, administrative and technical and maintenance personnel.

The Vienna Convention provides for diplomatic relations, which should arise between states by mutual agreement. In addition, it is necessary to reach an agreement on the formation of diplomatic missions and their level.

A foreign state or, in other words, an accrediting state, in accordance with the 1961 convention, independently appoints the head of the diplomatic mission. In turn, the receiving state should issue aggres (consent) for the person's accreditation to this post, but it can also refuse without informing the motives.

The termination of the functions of the head of the mission or other diplomatic personnel comes when he leaves the country as a result of the recall, the announcement of the diplomat persona non grata, as well as his refusal to carry out his functions.

In the event of the termination of diplomatic relations, the issuing state should assist in the issue of the departure of foreign diplomats and members of their families.