Installation of electrical wiring with your own hands in a wooden house and in an apartment

In a modern society it is impossible to imagine a house without electricity, therefore, in every room, quality wiring is required. The manufacture of such works is best entrusted to professional electricians, but it is possible to carry out the installation of electrical wiring with their own hands. For this it is necessary to be well informed in this matter.

Layout of the electrical cable

Installation of electrical wiring begins with the preparation of a scheme for locating switches, wires, sockets, a meter and other devices. Having created such a project, you will be able to more accurately calculate the amount of material. In the future, it will be easier for you to install the electrical wiring yourself in accordance with established norms and GOSTs. Scheme to draw the labor will not be.

When drafting the plan, it is necessary to consider the following:

1. All elements must be located in an accessible place for the convenience of their further maintenance. The junction boxes must be permanently accessible for damage. It is not recommended to install wiring elements in hard-to-reach places.
2. Locate switches in open areas. Do not obstruct the cabinets and other items of the interior. In order to turn on the light, you do not need to stretch or bend. Existing to date, GOSTs do not impose serious requirements on the height of the installation, so electricians advise to install switches at a height of 100 cm from the floor. This will undoubtedly add convenience.
3. Before assembling the sockets, you must first consider the location of the electrical devices in order to avoid any discomfort in the future when using extension cords. Installing outlets closer than 50 cm to metal objects is prohibited. According to the norms, one socket is needed for 6 m², of course, in the kitchen they need more. For your own safety during installation, you must retreat from the floor at least 25 cm.
4. The electrical cable can be placed in the room above or below, with a 15 cm indentation from the skirting or ceiling. The lines should be marked strictly vertically or horizontally. As the external wiring is done in wooden houses, it is necessary to plan in advance the location of the cornices. All the ends of the electro lines are output to the junction box, in which they are connected together.

After preparing a schematic image of electrical lines, you can begin installing the wiring yourself. After considering the smallest details, it's time to start acquiring the necessary material. The installation of electrical wiring by the hands in the apartment will also require the creation of a circuit before work.

Material for wiring in a wooden house

In order not to run constantly to the store in order to buy the goods necessary for the work, you should immediately prepare everything you need. In the presence of a scheme, this is not difficult. Installing an open wiring with your own hands will require more materials than a closed one. Since the house is built of wood, it is necessary to forget about internal electric lines. In any case, special attention should be given to the quality of the material. The cheaper the material, the more likely it is of poor quality.

For work we will need:

1. Tools with insulated handles, in order not to get an electric shock. You will need a screwdriver, a plier, a hammer and a sharp knife to strip the cable.
2. Electrical board. It is made of plastic and metal. For a wooden house you need a metal guard. The size depends on the number of relays. In residential buildings, mostly use shields up to 12 seats. Leave 1 empty space, if there are any further changes in the wiring.
3. Electrical cable. In order to determine the cross-section of the cable, you need to know the power of electricity in the house. For a wooden house is suitable VVG 3 x 2.5, where 3 - the number of veins in the cable, and 2.5 - its cross section. You need to buy a three-core cable with a residential for grounding. If there is more power in the house than stated on the cable label, a double line must be laid.
4. On the number of outlets and switches, it is not necessary to focus attention, since everything is already counted in the scheme. You need to determine the color and texture, which will suit your interior. For safety reasons it is better to use elements with a ceramic base and brass contacts for a wooden house. Variety of types of outlets and switches in the market will not leave indifferent even the most inveterate designer.
5. The installation of electrical wiring by own hands in a private wooden house will require additional investments in cable ducts or skirting boards. Undoubtedly, these elements will give the interior more beauty than just a hanging wire. In some cases it will be necessary to put the cable in a plastic tube. Carefully hold the cable around the house, you can and in the corrugation.
6. The junction boxes are required in which wires will be connected using PPE (special terminals). The cable can be joined in twists and wrapped with electrical tape.
7. Counter. It is better to choose with a good accuracy class - from 2.0 and higher. The electricity meter can be one-tariff and two-tariff. The first considers the consumption of electricity is always the same, the second calculates at two tariffs: day and night. In terms of savings, the second type will be more advantageous in that it will be possible to control the electricity depending on the time of day.
8. Also for mounting you will need self-tapping screws, clips of the required diameter for corrugation, additional fasteners.
9. Since the installation of electrical wiring with your own hands in a new building will require a large amount of material, everything can be purchased in one place in bulk.

Safety during work

In the manufacture of any construction activities, special attention must be paid to personal safety. Before starting work, take care of the availability of personal protective equipment. Work is necessary in a hard hat and special tight clothes. Installation of electrical wiring is performed with de-energized lines. If the work is connected with electricity, you will need rubber gloves that can prevent electric shock. Installation at height must be carried out with insurance on fully serviceable stands. Do not stand on unstable steps. It is necessary to approach the issue of safety engineering with all responsibility.

Installation of electrical wiring by own hands in a wooden house

There are several main stages of work:

1. Laying of electric cable lines.
2. Installation of junction boxes.
3. Installation of sockets and switches.
4. Installation of lighting devices.
5. Connecting the shield.
6. Output and installation of a ground loop.

Laying of electric cable lines

The installation of electrical wiring by the hands in the apartment can be performed in skirting boards. This will completely hide the wire from the eyes. It is especially convenient to mount the cable in the plinth under the sockets. Wiring lines are laid in plastic pipes to ensure greater safety. If it is necessary to light the garage, the wiring can be done by the hands in the corrugation, since in this room the aesthetic appearance is not particularly needed.

Installation of junction boxes

In places where from the main electrical line it is necessary to make a branch for connecting the outlet, a junction box is placed. It should be located where it is convenient to serve. Inside the distributor, the cables are interconnected in various ways:

1. With the help of PPE. One of the easiest ways. For this type of connection, each wire is stripped for 2-3 cm, twisted and planted on them PPE. In the box, the ends are laid so that they do not come in contact with each other.
2. Mix with wagami. Differences in the number and cross-section of the holes. For installation, each wire must be stripped to 10 mm. Then the ends need to be inserted into the holes until they click. The ends should be taken in different directions and laid in such a way that they do not contact each other.
3. Of course, the cheapest way is to twist the bare ends together and wrap around with an insulating tape. As in the previous methods, one should not allow contact here.

Installation of switches and sockets

The installation of electrical wiring by hand in a wooden house is carried out right at the wall surface. Accordingly, the sockets are also attached to the wall. Mount securely so that the socket does not stagger. The yellow or green wire must be clamped in the ground contact, and the other two in the supply terminals. The switches are connected in the same way. Only in the wire going to the switch, there may be no earth conductor. To save money, the wire that goes to the switch can be taken as two-wire and with a smaller cross-section.

Installation of lighting devices

Lately, luminaires are increasingly used to illuminate living spaces. Beautiful dot lighting will add elegance to the home. The brightness can be adjusted using special instruments.

In most cases, for lighting the house use:

• Recessed lights;
• Invoices;
• Street.

Connect the fixtures with yellow-green veins. Each device has a clamp for this type of connection. Luminaires of the same group must be connected in parallel.

Connecting the shield

The switchboard is the main element in the wiring of the entire house. On how it is mounted, depends on the operability and safety of the entire wiring as a whole. In the dashboard, automatic devices must be installed, which allows to de-energize the group by simply pressing a button. For a cable with cross-section 2.5, it is necessary to put a relay on 25A. With any violations in the work of the machine itself will turn off the circuit, or in a simple way will beat. Electrical panels are available in various types, come with transparent windows or solid ones. Upon completion of installation, each group within the shield must be signed. For this purpose, a special sticker is included in the set of most boxes. In order to connect the core to the machine, it must be cleaned and inserted until it clicks into the dedicated hole. This is the final and most difficult stage of wiring installation in a house made of wood. This process needs to be given special attention, since the wrong sequence of the connection of the conductors can lead to a short circuit.

Installing the ground loop

Installation of electrical wiring by oneself in a private house is necessarily done with the output of the ground loop to the street . To do this, from the building retreat a short distance and dig a trench length of 2.5-3 meters and a depth of about half a meter. At the same distance from each other, it is necessary to drive in 3 rods of reinforcement, which are connected together by a metal wire. Then, in the wall of the house, it is necessary to drive a metal base, to which wire from the rods and the ground wire must be brought. At the clogged base all these wires must be connected together. If there is a lightning rod on the roof of the house, the wire from it must also be connected to the base. The excavated ditch should be covered with sand, and the top layer with earth.

Open wiring

In urban conditions, wooden houses are rarely found. Mostly wooden houses are being built from wood. The installation of electrical wiring by oneself at the dacha is carried out in the same way as in a wooden house. Since a wooden house is a fire hazard, electrical wiring should be open.

Ways of laying a cable in a country house:

1. The wire can be attached to insulators, as it was done before. In the wire, an incision is made between the strands and is mounted on the roller. Today, this method will look unaesthetic, unless it is planned to retro-design.
2. It is possible to fasten the wire to the brackets. The store offers a wide selection of different cable fasteners. There are staples that are nailed to the surface by small nails, and there are those that are inserted into the drilled hole.
3. The wire is inserted into the corrugation and fastened to the wall with clips. The complexity of the process depends on the length of the wire, which must be shoved into the PVC sheath. Accordingly, the longer, the more difficult. With this method, you need an assistant.
4. On the plastic pipes, the cable is easy enough. And access to the cable will be almost closed for external impact.
5. Metal pipes will protect the cable from rodents. Basically, the method is used in places of large concentrations of rats and mice, for example, in grain terminals.
6. Through plastic boxes or wide cable channels. When the cross-section of the cable is large or it is necessary to lay a large number of wires, this method is used. All wires are laid in a box and pulled together with PVC strands, so that the wires do not crumble, but are permanently in a tight bundle.
7. Laying the wire in the cable channels will give a neat look. It is possible to cut a furrow in the tree the size of a canal and insert it level with the wall, but the process is very laborious.

It is desirable that all elements of PVC are non-flammable. Passage of a cable or wires through wooden walls is possible only through an iron tunnel, driven in advance. Thus, the installation of electrical wiring has been completed by our own hands. The photos presented in the article may be useful in the future.

Wiring of this type is usually done in non-residential premises. The installation of electrical wiring in the garage is also done by the open method.

At the end of the paper

After the completion of all work, it is necessary to check the efficiency of newly laid lines. To do this, you can invite specialists from the electrical laboratory to produce all the necessary measurements. Professionals in this area will issue a conclusion about the correctness of the wiring in the wooden house.

Electric laboratory workers should do the following:

• Check insulation resistance and earth resistance;
• Measure the RCD and phase-zero loops;
• To load the machines with the primary current;
• Check the operation of all electrical wiring systems.

Prices for the production of works vary from 200 to 350 rubles per point. To the points it is possible to carry out sockets, switches, boxes and other wiring elements. If you contact the firm, you will be charged at least 300 rubles for one point. Of course, private workers will treat the price more loyally. The final price can be easily calculated using a scheme. In any case, the master performing the work must give a guarantee of quality. To be completely confident in the quality of the work done, it is best to try to do it yourself.

As can be seen from the article, the installation of electrical wiring with their own hands does not take much time and effort. But it is necessary to approach this process very seriously, and especially to the safety precautions. Pay attention to every detail, since it's more difficult to fix than to do it normally. Since the wooden house is more vulnerable in terms of fire, it is necessary to take care of safety. Do not neglect the requirements established by regulatory documents. This article covers all the nuances of installing electrical wiring in a wooden house. With certain skills to do all the work will not be difficult, and the family budget will not suffer much. Many are mistaken, thinking that open wiring is ugly. If you put the wire on the baseboard, it will not be visible at all, as with closed wiring. The cable channels will also hide it, without harming the beautiful view of your room. The main plus of open wiring is that at any malfunction it can be immediately detected and eliminated.