Development of children 3-4 years: features, norms, programs and methods

Day after day the baby becomes more and more intelligent. He knows and knows a lot. After a year, thanks to the walking habits, the world around the child becomes more accessible and interesting. In two years, the child can already help my mother, eat it myself, put on some things and much more. And what happens next? What is the development of children 3-4 years old?

Three-year-old little adult

At this age the child is ready to master the skills requiring good coordination. For example, you can teach him how to ride a tricycle, ski and skate, teach to swim, play football. Mental development of children of 3 years requires complicated tasks and as much as possible age-appropriate information.

The peculiarities of the development of children of 3 years are connected with the exit of the mother for work and the visit to the kindergarten, as well as with the "crisis of three years". At the same time, this is the time of the birth of fantasies and awareness of oneself as a person. The child wants to prove himself to be an adult and very zealously defends his opinion. Differences are stubbornness, self-will and denial. The kid refuses to eat, sleep, clean up after himself, often there are hysterics. To control the manifestation of emotions the child is still incapable, and therefore he himself suffers from excessive manifestations of them.

Kindergarten also has an impact on the development of children 3 years. The child is forced to adjust to the demands of caregivers, to observe a more strict regime, and also to establish connections with other children. Therefore, the task of parents is to find a "golden mean" in communication and in the upbringing of their child, taking into account the complex psychological burden.

Children in 4 years

Based on the average indicators of what a child should be able to do at this age, the following skills can be distinguished:

1. Call geometric shapes and compare them with surrounding objects.
2. Give the name of objects and identify them in groups (furniture, animals, transport and others).
3. Know the characteristics of some professions.
4. Be able to navigate in space (distinguish between "right", "left", "ahead" and so on).
5. Be able to compare objects by the parameters of quantities.
6. To be able to paint drawings, without going behind lines.
7. Identify the item that has disappeared from the series.
8. The development of children's speech for four years already allows us to retell the content of fairy tales.
9. Determine the seasons, days, and also distinguish weather phenomena.
10. Be able to make a description of the subject of several proposals.

The above knowledge and skills are averaged. Some children have these skills already before the execution of four years, someone a little later, but all this is the norm options.

Developing classes at home

The development of children of 3 years is accompanied by exercises for improving small and large motor skills. Thanks to this kind of occupation , the brain is successfully formed. A perfect example of exercises is modeling. Having trained a child to make balls and sausages, you can create several different objects on any topic. For example, to mold vegetables and fruits, which will help to consolidate knowledge about them, and also to develop fingers. A child in 3 years will be happy to drop objects in the tanks or find them in placer grains, pasta, seeds.

If the child already speaks well, you can take his description of the images in books and magazines. This technique is successfully used for walking. For example, periodically asking: "What does my uncle do?", "What is in the hands of aunt? Where does it go? "The child is pleased to participate in role-playing games. For example, happy to lay a sleeping bear, become a builder and build a tower or turn into a hairdresser and make a doll's hair. The development of children's speech for 3 years goes at its own pace, but parents are in a position to accelerate it.

Developing classes at home with a four-year-old child

The techniques of modeling and drawing are complicated. A child can be taught to draw figures, trace the outline of a picture, work with a stencil. In addition to clay, clay is used, from which compositions are created on different topics. For the application the baby can already cut out the necessary figures himself.

Development of a child in 4 years is accompanied by simple mathematical actions - addition and subtraction. To better their assimilation, they use matches, sticks, fingers, that is, all improvised means. The development of children's speech for four years is accompanied by exercises to memorize syllables.

Child development program 3-4 years

Some parents prefer to work with their children according to plan, rather than in a free style. The standard program of developing classes for this age period contains the following items:

1. Exercises to develop the sound culture of speech.
2. Reading skills.
3. Acquaintance with the surrounding world.
4. Classes of creativity (drawing, modeling, applications).
5. Mathematical actions.
6. Musical development.

Let us dwell on each point in more detail.

Sound culture

In this area, the child is shown how to correctly pronounce certain sounds. Closer to 4 years old they are taught to write the letters that designate them in the notebook. Of course, the recordings will be indistinct, but such exercises contribute to the development of fine motor skills and the work of the brush. In the process involve articulatory tasks, which become much more difficult. Children memorize a lot of poetry, nursery rhymes, songs, thereby replenishing the vocabulary and strengthening the possibilities of speech.

Exploring the world

Exercises are aimed at studying natural phenomena, mastering the difference of seasons and features of ecology. For example, when watching migratory birds in the fall, the child is pointed to this feature of their flight to warmer regions as one of the signs of the season. At the same time, they introduce the names of birds that fly to warm regions, and those that remain to winter. When observing the weather, different adjectives and verbs are used, thereby enriching the child's speech. For example, in the street it can be rainy, sunny, windy, and rain can drizzle, knock, pour. Walking, pay attention to trees and bushes, to their appearance, names. Of the natural material do different crafts. By the age of 4 the child should already call the main colors and some shades, find them in the surrounding objects. It would be superfluous to pay attention to the rules of the road. The development of children 3-4 years is at a rapid pace. The child learns interesting information, especially if it is supported by examples in the surrounding world.

Teaching math

At the age of three, the child successfully mastered geometric figures and different forms. By the age of 4, lessons are becoming more complicated, the child is able to group objects according to different external characteristics (by color, size). The child learns the concepts of "less", "more", "equal" on improvised means. Well counts to three. The mathematical development of a child in 4 years is manifested in the ability to perform elementary actions of the account. The basic spatial directions are easy to learn in the game, for example, hiding a toy and giving certain hints ("Go forward, turn left ..."). By the age of four, a child can determine what begins earlier, which later. For example, first comes the morning, after it the day, further evening and night.

The development of speech

A child in 3 years is able to remember small rhymes, sing along. Parents teach the alphabet, prepare a hand for writing. Closer to four years you can begin to learn syllables, try to read the first simple books. By this age the child remembers puzzles, proverbs and sayings.

Normal development of children's speech for 4 years is manifested in the formulation of phrases of 5-6 words. Chad often asks questions: "Why?", "Where?" He is all interesting and everything you need to know. In order for the children's speech development to develop rapidly 3-4 years, parents need to answer all the questions of the child, but the language available to him.

Development through creativity and musical instruments

By the age of four, a child can draw with many tools. If the three-year-old does not clearly feel the boundary of the picture, then the oldest is already trying not to go beyond and uses many colors. Figures for application the child in 4 years is already able to cut himself, gluing them into voluminous compositions. In three years, the child sculpts balls and sausages, and a year later it is able to connect the sticks in a ring, create bizarre forms, reminiscent of the heroes of fairy tales. From the age of three, fantasy begins to be actively manifested, by the age of four it is already embodied in drawings and games with plasticine.

As for musical development, it is important to learn to listen to music and describe its character (sad or cheerful, fast or slow). It is necessary to support the desire of the child to sing and dance. You can familiarize yourself with the musical instruments and the sounds that they produce, as well as with the difference in the sound of notes.

Methods of development of children

There are different script scenarios for accelerated development. Many parents doubt the use of developing exercises, motivating that it is harmful, it will still be taught in the garden and at school. But any knowledge, especially received unobtrusively, during the game, will not be superfluous. Consider the most commonly used methods for the development of children:

1. The Nikitin program. The main rule of work on this technique is, first, freedom in the classroom. Children are allowed to play indefinitely with a favorite subject or game, combining different activities. Secondly, the apartment should have a sporting atmosphere, special attention is paid to hardening. Thirdly, parents should participate in children's games, and most importantly, in the life of the child. You can not put pressure on children, but should focus on their desire and well-being. Teachers emphasized the "outstripping" development conditions.
2. Methodology of Maria Montessori. The main postulate of the teacher is to awaken the child's interest in actions with the subject, and not to force. The basis of the program is laid down in an individual approach to the child. When planning classes are guided by the fact that the baby likes and what does not. The child performs the exercises himself, occasionally resorting to the help of a teacher.
3. Glenn Doman's method. An important role the teacher gives to the physical perfection of the child, without which, in his opinion, "there will be no developed intellect." Speech development of children 3-4 years begins with the display of a set of cards on which the words are wholly written. The child for a short time is shown a set of cards, naming written. Skills of the account the kid gets also with the help of cards on which different number of points are depicted. In this case, you need to call the number of points, quickly changing the cards. In the same way, the child is introduced to knowledge in the field of art, history, music, and so on.

The choice of methodology is left for the parents. The development of children 3-4 years is always accompanied by a huge number of questions and curiosity. Parents may not adhere to a specific plan in the classroom. The main thing is to be an open source of information for the child, as well as actively participate in his life.