Population of the Voronezh Region. Population of the Voronezh Region

Voronezh region is a region with an interesting history and great economic and social potential. Successful and stable development of any terrain is human resources. The question arises: what kind of population of the Voronezh Region provides economic stability of the region? Consider the characteristics and demographic characteristics of the inhabitants of this area.

Geographical location of the Voronezh region

The Voronezh Region is located in the center of the East European Plain. Its area is 52 thousand square kilometers, and this is 51st place among all regions of Russia. The region has an extremely convenient location, through it there are many transport routes connecting different regions of Russia and other countries. The nearest neighbors of the Voronezh Region are Rostov, Tambov, Saratov, Kursk, Volgograd, Lipetsk, Belgorod regions and Ukraine. The relief of the region is determined by such objects as the Central Russian and Kalach highlands and the Oka-Don plain. The land here is hilly, with a large number of ravines, most of the territory is occupied by fertile black earth regions. The region is in a zone with a lot of water resources. The main river of the region is the Don, also there are more than 700 lakes and 1,300 small rivers. Sufficiently favorable conditions for life contributed to the fact that people began to settle here quite early, mastering the land.

Climate

The Voronezh region is located in a temperate continental climate zone. The average annual temperature in the region is +5 degrees. Summer in the region is warm, sometimes arid, on average, the thermometer in the summer months is around +20. Winters are quite long, with lots of snow. The average temperature at this time of year is -9 degrees. Seasonal fluctuations are clearly observed in the region. In general, the seasons in Voronezh coincide with the calendar seasons.

The population of the Voronezh region has long been adapted to the weather in the region. All the basic observations about it are fixed in the national experience in the form of sayings and accepts. Although the climate in the region can not be called the most comfortable for living and farming, it is still very sparing. Therefore, people began to live here long ago.

History of settlement

The first parking of people in the territory of the modern Voronezh region, according to archaeologists, dates back to the Paleolithic. It is believed that these are the most ancient settlements of people throughout the territory of modern Russia. Anthropological studies show that the people of the Caucasian race lived here 37 thousand years ago.

In the Bronze Age, representatives of the Abashev culture, who were engaged in breeding cattle, settled on these lands. In the Iron Age, these territories are in the possession of the Scythians, later they are replaced by the Sarmatians. In the 9th century on the lands of the modern Voronezh region come the Slavic tribes. From the time of the Tatar-Mongol invasion, there remained many burial mounds and remains of temple structures. With a cultural and ethnic mix of Slavic and nomadic cultures, a special subethnos is formed here - the Cossacks.

Since the 16th century, the history of the region has been well documented. In 1585, Voronezh was founded as a fortress for the protection of the borders of the Moscow kingdom. Until the 17th century, Tatar tribes continued their raids on these lands, so the inhabitants of the region have serious military capabilities and a special character. In the times of Peter the Great Voronezh becomes a provincial city, the territory is actively mastered and populated. Since the 18th century, the population of the Voronezh region has been steadily growing. The region took an active part in all Russian wars. During the Second World War, fierce battles were fought on these lands. In 1957 the Voronezh Region found its current borders.

Administrative division

Throughout its history, the region has repeatedly been subjected to various attempts at administrative division. Part of its land is given to other regions, then returned back. Since 2006, the population of the Voronezh region lives in 534 municipalities. Of these, 3 are city districts, 29 are cities, 471 are villages and 31 are municipal districts.

Population dynamics

Regular observations of the number of residents of the region begin in 1897. The frequency of the measurements was different, but they allow one to see that the population of the Voronezh region has almost always been relatively stable. Only at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries there was a sharp increase in the number of inhabitants, this is due not to the change in demographic indicators, but to the redistribution of land between regions. After the Second World War, for understandable reasons, the number of residents decreased by a million. In Soviet times there were fluctuations in numbers: from 2.3 million in 1959 to 2.5 million in 1970.

During the perestroika period, small changes in the number of residents of the region were noticed: about several thousand people in positive and negative sides. In the 21st century, in general, the population of the region is declining. Only in 2010 and 2015 there was a positive trend. Today the population of the Voronezh region is 2 million 333 thousand people.

Ethnic composition and language

The main nationality of the region's inhabitants is Russian. According to the 2010 population census, 90% of people who consider themselves Russian live in the region. The number of other ethnic groups is distributed as follows: Ukrainians - about 2%, Armenians - 0.4%, Uzbeks and Tajiks in the amount of about 0.15%, other nationalities - less than 1% each. Despite the fact that most of the inhabitants of the region call themselves Russians, there is a great influence of the Ukrainian nation in the language, the character of buildings and customs. The region is the place of formation of a special southern branch of the Russian people. A significant role in this is played by the culture of the Cossacks, which assimilates the Russian and Ukrainian cultures. Some time ago an increase in the flow of migrants from Central Asia was observed in the region, but today these processes do not have a significant impact on the ethnic composition of the population. However, the migration growth in the region is quite high, it is 13 thousand people annually.

Population distribution

Most of the inhabitants of the region live in cities, and the trend towards the growth of the urban population continues. Today, 67% of people in this federation entity live in cities. If we estimate the cities of the Voronezh Region by the population, then the largest will be the capital - it has just over 1 million people. The rest of the city is much smaller in terms of population. In the area of only 3 settlements, which are home to more than 50 thousand people: Rossosh, Liski and Borisoglebsk. From 20 to 35 thousand inhabitants recorded in 7 cities. These settlements are gradually growing, pulling residents from the nearest villages. Thus, the population of Pavlovsk Voronezh region with a total number of 25 thousand people a year grows by more than 500 people. In the region there is a slow decline in rural settlements.

Population density

The Voronezh region, whose average population density is 44.7 people per square kilometer, occupies the 21st place in Russia on this basis. This is a fairly high figure, especially if we consider that people mainly live in small towns up to 20 thousand people. The high population density of the Voronezh Region is explained by the large number of settlements and favorable conditions for living.

Gender characteristics of the population

The distribution of the population by sex in the Voronezh region is as follows: the number of women is on average more than men by 200 thousand. At birth, the ratio of male to newborn infants is 1.2. And already to the retirement age, this indicator changes in the opposite direction to 1.5. The disproportion in favor of women, characteristic of the whole country, in the region is slowly continuing to grow, by about 0.1% per year.

Age characteristics of the population

The age differentiation of the population of the region is as follows:

• The number of residents under the age of 15 - 330 thousand people;
• Able-bodied population - 1 million 375 thousand people;
• The population over working age is 626 thousand people.

Such age differentiation suggests that every able-bodied resident of the region should provide another 0.8 people, except for himself, which is a very high indicator of the demographic burden.

Demographic characteristics

Fertility is the most important criterion for assessing the socio-economic development of the region. In the Voronezh region it is 11 people per thousand inhabitants. In recent years, this indicator is slightly increasing, by 0.2 people per year. But the necessary and noticeable growth in the birth rate is not observed. Mortality, on the contrary, shows the dynamics of growth, in recent years approximately 15.7 people have died. For every thousand inhabitants. Although the mortality rate for longer periods is improving. The number of deaths decreased over 10 years by 3 people per thousand inhabitants. But while mortality is overtaking fertility. At the same time, the population of the cities of the Voronezh region is characterized by low fertility and growing mortality, and urban growth takes place solely through migration.

Life expectancy, another indicator of the social and economic well-being of the region, is growing in the Voronezh region. She averaged 70.1 years, for men - 64.7, for women - 77.1. According to this indicator, the Voronezh region ranks 25th in Russia, which is very good.

Employment

The well-being of the population is ensured by an effectively developing and functioning economy. In the Voronezh region, unemployment is falling and employment is increasing. The average unemployment rate is 4.4%, which is slightly higher than in neighboring regions.

In the region there is a high employment of residents in agriculture, manufacturing and in the service industry.