Collapse of orthostatic: causes, symptoms and treatment

There are many dangerous processes that arise in the human body, which can have a significant destructive effect. But sometimes serious diagnoses hide behind the loss of consciousness, which may initially seem due to weakness or exhaustion. In fact, there are many other more dangerous reasons that can lead to such a result.

Collapse of orthostatic

A similar condition is also defined as orthostatic hypotension. Such a diagnosis is used to indicate an inadequate saturation with the blood of the brain, which was the result of a sharp change in the position of the body. A similar reaction of the organism can be observed even in the case when a person is long standing. Such a state is promoted by flaccidity of the walls of blood vessels or low blood pressure.

Most often, this problem is manifested in those whose vascular tone is weakened. It is not uncommon for such a diagnosis to be made to people at pubertal age, since in this period the development of the vascular system lags behind the constantly growing needs of the body.

How the symptoms look

There are several signs of such a problem as orthostatic collapse. Symptoms, Relevant for this diagnosis, look like this:

- dizziness;

- loss of consciousness;

- a feeling of emptiness or heaviness in the head;

- suddenly appeared weakness;

- shroud before the eyes or flashing of flies;

Vomiting of central origin or nausea;

- If it is a case of a serious case, it is possible to involuntary urination and development of convulsive syndrome.

Such a problem as orthostatic collapse, Can develop and against the backdrop of impaired blood supply not only to the brain. In this case, it is worth paying attention to such symptoms as angina pectoris (signs of myocardial ischemia), painful sensations in the neck muscles and changes in breathing.

The occurrence of such symptoms is possible both with a long stay in the vertical position, and in the case of a sharp change in the position of the body. Strong and sharp physical activity can also lead to fainting. In some cases, signs of hypotension may occur after taking large amounts of food. This is explained by the activation of the vagus nerve.

Orthostatic collapse: causes

Quite often during a recovery from bed, blood redistribution begins, since its main part is concentrated in the veins that are in the lower limbs. This process is a consequence of the impact on the blood of gravity.

The venous return to the heart is noticeably reduced, which leads to a subsequent decrease in pressure. Baroreceptors that are in the carotid sinuses and the aortic arch react to the above process and activate the autonomic nervous system.

As a result, there is an increase in the tone of the vessels and the return of pressure and heartbeats within the limits of normal.

If we turn to the opinion of specialists and try to express the essence of the problem more concisely, we can come to the following conclusion: the collapse of orthostatic, in fact, is not a disease, but rather a consequence of the fact that the vessels lose the ability to maintain a stable pressure within the norm. And this can already be a lot of reasons, sometimes very serious.

What diseases can lead to collapse

The state of the vessels, mentioned above, can be affected by certain diseases and processes:

- Nervous overstrain and stress;

- diseases of an infectious nature;

- Significant loss of blood;

- diseases associated with the endocrine system;

- Intoxication of the body, which manifests itself in the form of excessive sweating, vomiting or diarrhea;

- Abuse of diet and malnutrition;

- use of antihypertensive, vasodilating and diuretic drugs as a means of treating hypertension for several years.

But if we isolate the key cause of the main sign characterizing the collapse of the orthostatic, Namely loss of consciousness, it is necessary to pay attention to ischemic anoxia. It is based on several mechanisms, which are worth mentioning.

First of all, it is the inability of the myocardium to perform the desired cardiac output. The appearance of collapse can lead to a violation of the heart rhythm, because of which there is no provision of adequate cerebral perfusion.

One can not ignore the reduction in blood pressure due to active peripheral vasodilation. The result of this process is an inadequate blood supply to the brain.

Effects of various drugs

In addition to the influence of various diseases, it is worth considering the fact that some drugs can also lead to a loss of vascular tone and not only.

The drugs that cause the orthostatic collapse should be determined by the physician individually, after which their use must be stopped or correctly lowered. It can be various inhibitors, nitrates of blockers, vasodilators, diuretics and other antihypertensives.

Therefore, it is always worth remembering that orthostatic collapse can cause "Dibazol" and other similar drugs.

What you should know about ganglioblokatory

Initially, drugs that belong to this group are designed to disrupt the impulses through the autonomic ganglia. This effect is needed to reduce the tone of the musculature of arterioles, venules and precapillary sphincters.

The result of such processes is the improvement of microcirculation in tissues, which is very important during treatment of various widows of shock, burn disease, infectious toxicosis, pneumonia and other diseases.

Using gangliobloktory, you can increase the degree of accumulation of blood in the veins and thereby reduce its return to the heart, and therefore reduce its preload. In other words, the heart works better.

But in this barrel of honey there is also a fly in the ointment, namely, orthostatic collapse with ganglion blockers. This is one of the possible consequences of using this drug. Such complications were seen in a certain group of patients. The reason for this reaction of the body is the inhibition of impulse in the sympathetic ways to the veins.

There are also possible complications such as urinary retention, atonic constipation and decreased acidity of gastric juice.

What survey can be considered actual

If signs were found that are characteristic of orthostatic hypotension, you need to feel the organs. It is also important to check your blood pressure. An orthostatic test is also necessary . Its essence boils down to the fact that the patient gets up, and the doctor at this time observes the hemodynamic adaptation of the muscles.

A passive form of the sample is also possible. It should be done on a rotating table, while the muscles will remain inactive.

In the course of diagnosis, an examination of the anamnesis, the study of preparations that were previously prescribed and could cause deterioration of the condition, are also performed. Along with this, other factors of influence are revealed, inspection is carried out, as well as investigation of the patient's systems and organs. For this purpose percussion, palpation, auscultation and other diagnostic procedures can be used.

It is always worth remembering that orthostatic collapse can cause Certain complications, because in some cases it is a consequence of serious diseases (cardiomyopathy, aortic stenosis, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction). This means that with obvious signs of this problem, you need to call a doctor.

How do survive the collapse of children

Orthostatic hypotension at an early age is much more complicated than in adults. The cause of this diagnosis can be various pathological conditions. Examples include starvation, dehydration, overt or covert blood loss, and fluid sequestration in the abdominal and pleural cavity.

In children, the collapse often makes itself felt against the background of infectious diseases and toxicoses, and much more often than in adults. A similar condition is accompanied by diarrhea, vomiting and high fever.

As for the violation of blood flow in the brain and lowering of arterial pressure, in the child's body they proceed with a much deeper hypoxia, accompanied by convulsions and loss of consciousness.

Methods of treatment

In order to overcome orthostatic collapse, treatment should be done competently and with the participation of a qualified specialist. In general, methods of influencing this problem can have two main directions: changing the way of life and the use of drug therapy.

If we talk about the natural methods of recovery, then they can include the following actions:

- reception of small portions of food;

- Short stay in hot places;

- the formation during the sleep with the help of cushions elevations underfoot;

- use of isotonic loads for all muscle groups;

- frequent walks in the fresh air;

- if circumstances so require, compression knitwear is used, which helps maintain the tone of the veins located in the lower limbs;

- protection from sudden rise from the bed or chair (first you need to lower your legs and only then take the vertical position).

For the treatment of medications use erythropoietin, vasopressin analogs (Vazomirin, Minimirin), mineralocorticoids (Dezoksikorton, Florinef), cholinesterase inhibitors (Galantomine, Prozerin), etc. But always remember, That orthostatic collapse can cause a drug that was used without taking into account contraindications in the case of a particular patient or with an incorrect dosage.

Do not forget about the underlying disease, which can be the cause of the collapse. Without his treatment, it is unlikely to achieve significant results.

Results

So, if orthostatic hypotension was fixed, you do not need to panic, this problem is overcome. In order that after the successful treatment of collapse did not make itself felt again, it makes sense to remember some preventive measures.

These include the above-mentioned permanent walks on the street, control of taking antihypertensive drugs, proper nutrition and, of course, a healthy lifestyle. It is important to conduct diagnostics at the first signs of such a problem without delay, since the cause of syncope can be a serious illness, the ignoring of which is fraught with significant complications.