Chain Bullish: cycle of development, stages, diagram and photo

At the moment, bull tattoin, the development cycle of which takes about 20 years, is considered the most dangerous (and largest) parasite that can attack the human body. Its size sometimes reaches 10 meters, which is already critical for a living being. The main zone of helminth residence is the small intestine. The adult worm has special suckers, which allow it to be retained in the body. Excellent shows the cycle of development of the bovine chain scheme, presented below. The disease caused by the tapeworm is called shadowarchinosis. A tapeworm is widespread in Africa, Eastern Europe (in particular, in Russia), Latin America and the Philippines.

From the body of the final host, the cormorant can come out with feces, while it can exist for some time in "street" conditions, crawling along the soil.

What is a bull-calf?

The adult individual of the tapeworm has a minimum size of 4 meters. The body of the tapeworm consists of segments, the number of which reaches several thousand. Eggs of bovine tapeworm (pictured below), deposited in the body, can go along with feces. Annually the worm lays it in the amount of more than 600 million. For the whole life this figure grows to 11 billion. From the tapeworm the strobiles are disconnected. Their task is to spread eggs in the environment. As a result, they enter the body of cattle (it is the intermediate owner of the worm), and with poorly processed meat passes to carnivorous animals (including humans). In the body of the main host without treatment, he is able to live 18-20 years. In this case, the helminth carrier in the initial stages of the disease may not even realize that he is somewhat ill. For people around people a person is not contagious.

The structure of a bull chain

The structure of the bull chain: the head, neck and segments. By sex, the helminth is a hermaphrodite, which makes it easier for it to multiply. The larva of the bovine tapeworm is in the womb of this creature. Here you can find many unoccupied oncospheres. The head of the body is equipped with suckers, which hold the helminth in the intestines of the host.

Development of the worm

The main owner of the bull-chain, as already mentioned, is a person or any predatory animal. The intermediate carrier may be a cow, a deer, a zebra, a yak, a bison, etc., that is, any representative of a group of cloven-hoofed animals. In the human body the worm gets in a mature form and is fully capable of reproduction. Segments can come out of the anus and move independently.

Livestock can be infected by a worm during the process of eating grass (if there were larvae in it or on the soil). In the tissues of the muscles, small representatives of the helminth develop Finns. In the body of predatory mammals and humans, they fall due to eating them raw, dried, poorly roasted or boiled meat. The scheme for the development of the bovine chain perfectly shows all the described ways of infection.

Transmission of the worm is also possible through fleas, which can contain larvae.

The influence of tapeworm on the human body

At least bovine tapeworm can have a strong effect on the gastrointestinal tract, which can cause an allergic reaction. The worm absorbs all nutrients from the body, literally sucking them. Of course, the most anticipated process will be inflammation of the intestine or even obstruction (occurs in the late stages of the disease), which leads to death. Often there is pain, similar to the sensations of appendicitis. And, of course, mechanical impact is inevitable. Because of all this, the secretory and motor function of the digestive tract is disrupted.

Complications are rare. The most common is the obstruction of the intestine. Also, tinnitus bull (the development cycle will be discussed in more detail below) is able to penetrate into the abdominal cavity and into the vagina. There may be such secondary diseases as pancreatitis, problems with the nasopharynx, appendicitis, peritonitis.

Life cycle

Eggs, in huge quantities in the grass, enter the animal's body. The life cycle begins when the outer shell opens, and oncospheres emerge from it. Their sizes are small - less than a millimeter. Larvae are able to survive the entire winter period, they are resistant to sudden changes in temperature, humidity and dryness. Tired is very tenacious bull. The development cycle of the Finn is only six months (sometimes less). Forming, individuals pass into the body of livestock in various organs, spread over the intestines. In the intermediate host they are able to live no more than a year, after which they die. If the meat of an infected cow is eaten by a person (or other carnivorous animal), the worm continues to form into an adult. In order for this process to be most successful, the helminth settles in the gut. After the eggs are separated, the life cycle is repeated.

Treatment and Diagnosis

The stages of development of bovine tapeworm in the human body, we have already briefly considered. Parasite at first does not bring discomfort, and the patient does not even suspect about its existence. That's why a person can learn about his living in the body only after analyzing the feces. The most difficult process is to determine what kind of parasitic object - pig or bullish. These chains are similar in appearance, the symptomatology is practically the same, but the process of treatment in each case is different. The last and actual diagnosis is made after several stool tests and a number of other examinations; Treatment is appointed immediately.

If you use drugs in the early stages of the disease, there is a huge chance for a full recovery. In order to get rid of the parasite (invasion), so-called etiotropic therapy is prescribed. It acts on the cause of the disease and eliminates it. Often, doctors use Prazikvantel as the main drug. Special medicines may be prescribed to improve the state of the intestinal tract.

Symptoms of the process

The bovine chain, the developmental cycle of which has already been described, causes the disease of shadowarchinosis. It is divided into two stages: early and late. The second is considered the most dangerous, since the disease begins to be chronic, and it is almost impossible to cure. Since the symptomatology is almost absent in the initial development, many learn about the disease much later. Help in simtomatike will help the following symptoms:

• Weakness, malaise, drowsiness, fatigue, "fragile" sleep, etc .;
• Nausea with vomiting, heartburn and digestive disorders appear in constipation or diarrhea;
• Severe abdominal pain and a dramatically changing level of appetite.

Preventive measures

The cycle of development of a bull chain, the scheme of which is in the article, implies that the parasite eventually turns into an adult of a rather large size. Therefore, in the treatment there may be a problem of incomplete parasite removal. In order to avoid recurrence of the disease, every six months, it is necessary to take appropriate tests.

Feed for livestock should be bought from trusted suppliers, since it can be infected with eggs of worms. It is the ingestion of an intermediate host into the organism that can cause the development of larvae. You can not allow a cow to eat grass of unknown origin, on suspicious lawns.

And people should eat only meat that has undergone sufficient temperature treatment.