Bull-inseminator (manufacturer). Maintenance and feeding of breeding bulls

A variety of breeds of bulls and cows are bred on farms. In order to maintain the best quality of cattle for productivity, it is necessary to perform breeding work. It is especially important to ensure the best care for bulls-insemination. First of all, animals must receive high-quality feed. Also, the farm should be properly equipped.

Basic rules for selecting steers

Actually, the selection work itself can be conducted in two ways: by lines and by family. In the first case, the breed is improved by using the best bulls, called producers. Families are created from queens with the best indicators. When growing cattle, the first method is most often used. By selecting bulls-producers, farmers take into account such factors as:

• Tribal qualities of parents. For example, a mother cow must be a thoroughbred at least 4 generations and give milk not less than 150% of the standards of this particular breed. In this case, the bull-inseminator can be selected only from the father, who has a pedigree category for milking daughters At and a good exterior, estimated at least 9 points.

• Intensity and features of development. The control is carried out by weighing at birth, when transferring to a calf, and then monthly. At 12 months. Performed bots. When checking, special attention is paid to the exterior. A pedigree bull producer must have a strong constitution and a harmonious physique.

• Quality of offspring. The test for this indicator is carried out at 12 months. The sperm of the bull is inseminated by several dozen cows. If fertilization occurs in less than 50% of the queens, the animal is disqualified. Milk daughters are evaluated for quality in 12-18 months. The breeding value of the inseminator is determined by the difference in the performance of its daughters and their peers.

Of course, without creating good conditions for bulls, any significant results in breeding work can not be achieved. First of all, an appropriate diet should be developed for animals. In addition to proper farm equipment, feeders and waterers, it is also necessary to ensure the safety of personnel and animals.

What should be the cowshed

They contain animals usually in a specially designated stall. In this case, each bull-inseminator should have an individual fenced place. The room itself should be clean, spacious and light. Without fail, ventilation is also arranged.

Binding for bulls is recommended to use the strongest. These animals are usually very powerful and strong. Therefore, the breeding bull breeder is most often attached using chains rather than ropes. The length of the latter should be such that the animal can move freely on the machine and lie down. In the neck area under the metal is put a cloth or leather belt. There should be no objects in the machine that the animal could be injured about.

The ox-inseminator is often not only a powerful but also quite aggressive animal. Some individuals have a habit of rushing to others, including people. Therefore, in the stall, on the way to the place where the sperm is taken, etc., special security islets are set up for the farm staff.

Pony walking

Farm cattle, which contains producers, should be equipped with a range. The latter settles in the immediate vicinity of the stall. Of course, the paddock should be fenced using the most sturdy materials. Release bulls into the street, according to regulations, you can only if you have a stick-carrier and leash. The first is fixed in the nasal ring of the animal. It is not recommended to walk the producers at the same time as cows or calves.

Features of feeding

Normally, any bull-producer will develop only if the development of a maximally balanced diet. It is noted that if the inseminers do not receive enough feed or eat too monotonously, the quality of their sperms is markedly deteriorating. At the same time, the animals come back to normal no less than two months after the situation is corrected.

Actually, the diet itself is developed taking into account the breed of the animal, its age, sexual load in this particular period of time, weight. Most often, the farm uses three types of feeding:

• In the non-service period;

• At an average load (1 per week);

• With increased load (2-3 cages per week).

According to the regulations, in the non-manual period, bulls require feeds whose energy value is 0.8-1.1 ECU, at an average load of 1.3-0.9 ECU, at high - 1.6-1.1 ECU.

Of course, thoroughbred bulls should not overeat. Obesity can lead to disruption of the function of the accessory genital glands and, consequently, to impotence. In addition, too thick bulls because of low mobility often weaken ligaments of the hind limbs. As a result, they are subsequently extremely reluctant to go into the mating.

Animal Diet

The best results in breeding work allow to achieve the maintenance of bulls-producers on fodders meeting the requirements of the first class. It is not recommended to give animals bulky or watery, and at the same time low-nutritional food, for example, such as chaff, straw, meal, beer grains , etc.

Also from the diet of bulls-producers it is desirable to exclude the green mass of cruciferous. In such grass contains substances that can disrupt the exchange of iodine in the body and the function of the thyroid gland.

Usually such animals are fed legume-cereal, well-layered hay. The green mass in the summer before laying in the troughs a little bit wax. Necessarily give also those having dietary properties of root crops. Club larvae are rarely fed, because they often contain an increased amount of nitrates. As concentrate, each bull-inseminator should receive mixed fodder (40-50% of nutrient).

When growing such animals, the order is strictly observed. Feed the bulls at least three times a day. About 70% of the daily dose is given at noon. The remainder is evenly distributed for morning and evening feeding.

Additives

In addition to concentrated, coarse and succulent fodder, each bull-producer must receive a different kind of vitamins and trace elements. If these additives are neglected, it will be impossible to achieve good results of breeding work. For each feed unit, according to regulations, 60-70 mg of carotene and about 35 g of vitamin E.

From micronutrients, any breed of bulls must in sufficient quantities obtain phosphorus, calcium, sodium and magnesium. The first plays an important role in the process of spermatogenesis. Separately, phosphorus additives are rarely given to animals. The fact is that this element is contained in concentrated quantities in fairly large quantities. Lack of sodium make up the salt. Usually in the rations of bulls-producers, the content of such trace elements as iron, zinc, cobalt, iodine, copper and manganese is normalized.

Mating

Farms can use both natural mating and artificial insemination of cows. In the first case, special machines are used for this purpose. They equip them in the room where the bulls are. Cows are not brought earlier than two hours after feeding. Mating should be under the supervision of an experienced cattleman. The bull is preliminarily given a five-minute exposure. This helps increase the amount of sperm and improve its quality.

Artificial insemination is performed by specially trained specialists after detection in heifers of hunting. Sperm bulls are pre-selected and stored in special hermetic containers in liquid nitrogen.

Conclusion

Good results in breeding work can be achieved only if the cattle farm, which houses the bulls, will be well equipped, and at the same time its owners will responsibly approach the feeding of animals. Proper care and comfortable living conditions of the producers will provide the best result in terms of replenishment of the herd, preservation and improvement of the breed.