As a prefix-suffix way words are formed: examples

The main way of word formation is morphological. It is characterized by the fact that a new word is created with the help of prefixes, suffixes, prefixes and suffixes, discarding the significant part, the way of addition. So, in the prefix-suffix way, words are formed like this: the prefix and the suffix are attached to the original word at the same time. For example: to sleep - to sleep, the fee is free. This method can be used to form nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs.

Education of nouns

Basically, the nouns in the prefix-suffix way form nouns. In this case, they can have the following combinations of prefixes and suffixes:

• Anti- and -in, -inel;
• (A), -uk (a), and -y (j) -, and j (-j), -k (a), -ok, -wc (a), -enik, , -sovs (a);
• S / - and - j -, -ok;
• For-and-j-, -nik, -o (in j), -ok, -in (a), -sacker;
• Inter- / inter- and -i (j) -, - j -;
• On and -nik, - j, -n (aya);
• Over- and -и (j) -, - j -, -nik;
• O- and - j -, -nik, -ok, -in (a);
• Nedo-and-oo;
• Near- and -nik. - j -;
• From- and -ocks, - j -, -и (j) -;
• Pa- and -oo, -its (a);
• Re-and-oc, -i (j) -, - j -, -oc-, -its (a);
• And - j -, - o (in j) -. -nik, -k (a), -ok, -chick, -nness, in (a), -sovshin (a), -en, -im;
• Sub-and -nik, -ok, -i (j) -, - j -, -n (s), -k (a), -sicker, -ik, -n (uy), -im (uy);
• Pre- and -i (j), - j -, -nik, -ok;
• And -u (j) -, - j - -o (in j) -, -nik, -ok, -en, -k (a);
• Pro-and-oo;
• Counter-and-i (j) -, -itel;
• And - j -, in (a), -k (a), -its (a);
• Co-and -nik / -ennik, -and j -, - j -. (O).

Nouns can also be formed from verbs. In this case, we get the following combinations of prefixes and suffixes:

• Non-and -k (a), -ji j,, -and j-, -j, -ih (a), -x (a), the office, the office;
• O- / ob- and -ok, -k (u), - j -, -in (a);
• (A), -y (a), -k (u), -aik (a), -un, -etc. -shush (a), -and (e);
• Co-and-tel, -ti j, -etc.

In some cases, nouns formed from verbs can have such prefixes and suffixes:

• For- and -k (s);
• Nahn (s);
• Trans- and -in (a);
• Re-and-k (a);
• Anti-and-st (o);
• Y- and -k (a).

Less often nouns can be formed from adjectives, and they will have the following combinations of suffix and prefix:

• For- / for and -j-;
• Sub-and-and;
• For- and - and j- (-j-);
• Re-and-oh.

Examples of the formation of nouns

Words formed by the prefix-suffix way, examples

1. Nouns from nouns:

• Antikomarin - anti + mosquito + in;
• Antioxidant - anti + star + chelator;
• Tastelessness - without + taste + ies;
• Disinclination - demon + bird + ue;
• Bad taste - without + taste + egg;
• Sleeveless shirt - without + sleeve + ka;
• Fatherlessness - without + father + sheep;
• The hill is up + mountain +;
• A hillock + a + mountains + ok;
• District - for + speech;
• Mouthpiece - for + lips + nickname;
• Flap - for + wing + ok;
• etc.

2. Nouns from verbs:

• Ignorant - do not know (know) + ka;
• Unskill - not + mind (be able) + ha;
• Omylok - about + soaps (soap) + ok;
• The jump - on + jumping (jumping) + ka;
• Jumping - on + prig (prigat) + un;
• Cohabitant - co-living (live) + tel;
• and etc.

3. Nouns from adjectives: the Arctic, Azov, Zauralye, podberezovik, podsinovik, pererokok, etc.

The formation of verbs

With regard to verbs, they are formed from:

• Adjectives;
• Nouns;
• Verbs;
• Pronouns;
• Numeral;
• Interjections.

Consider the prefix-suffix way of verb formation in more detail. Most verbs that have both a prefix and a suffix are formed from the names of nouns and adjectives and have the suffix -u-. With this suffix, the word can include the following prefixes: for-, out-, out-, o-, on-, o-, o-, re-, sub-, obez-, po-, pro-, c-, Times, at, y-. Verbs that have the suffix -u-, are transitive, with the exception of single ones that do not occur in word-building types. Verbs with the suffix -e-, are formed together with the prefixes o-, za-, obez-, ob-, po. Verbs with the suffix -e- are intransitive. Other variants of combination of prefixes and suffixes are possible, but they are singled out in isolated cases. For example, it can be: a suffix-ova-and prefixes about-, -per-; The suffix -a and the prefixes of a-, o-, ob-, po, y-.

As for the verbs formed by the prefix-suffixal method from unapproachable verbs, most of them have different prefixes and suffixes-isa-, -a, -a-. Also, there may be a suffix -one-together with the prefixes s-, c-, In addition, some verbs have formants, which consist of a prefix and a suffix -i.

In the formation of verbs from numerals, pronouns and interjections, such combinations of suffixes and prefixes can occur: y- and -u-, for-u-, -re- and -y-. But such cases are single.

Examples of the formation of verbs

Verbs from nouns:

• Straighten - you + straight + it;
• Smoke - for + smoke + it;
• - from + the pattern + ilotorit;
• Fill - to + full;
• Ottepit - o + chain + yt;
• Sugar - o + sugar + ytt;
• Degrease - obez + fat + yit;
• Delimit - from + border + ut;
• Perekislit - pere + kisl + it;
• and etc.

Verbs from verbs:

• Shake from shaking;
• Scream from squealing;
• Ringing from calling;
• To call from calling;
• Click away from clicking;
• Tapping from knocking;
• Doze off from dozing;
• and etc.

Adjective Education

The prefix-suffix form of education is also encountered in the formation of adjectives. They are formed from:

• Nouns;
• Verbs;
• Adjectives;
• Adverbs.

The words formed by the prefix-suffixal method from nouns are characterized by such combinations of prefixes and suffixes:

• No- / no- and -n - / - enn-;
• Extra- / intra- and -n-, -sk-;
• For- and -en-, -owann-;
• Inter- / between- and -n-, -sk-;
• Na and -n-, -en-;
• Over- and -n-;
• Not-and -n-;
• About- and -n-;
• From- and -n-;
• And -n-, -sk-;
• Sub- and -n-;
• Pre- and -n-;
• At and -n-, -sk-;
• Co-and -n-, -en-;
• Among- and -n-;
• Through- / interlace and -n-.

The single cases are:

• Through- and -n-;
• Pre- and -n-;
• Along- and -n-;
• Non-and-ivv;
• Not-and-im-;
• Pri and -ist;
• Once and for all.

From verbs, adjectives can be formed by adding the following prefixes and suffixes:

• No- / no- and -n-;
• Not-and -n-;
• Not-and-om, -em-, -im-, -nn-;
• Without- and-tern-, -nn-;
• For- and -ann-.

To single cases carry:

• Non-and-uh-, -iiv, -chiv-;
• Not-o-and-im-;
• Not-pre-o-and-im-;
• For- and -n-;
• Times and -n-;
• Na and -n-;
• Pro- and ile-;
• Anti-and-ochn-.

As for the formation of adjectives from adjectives, this occurs when the prefix of the suffix -a and suffix -en- is added. Single cases include such combinations of prefixes and suffixes: na and -n-, ob- and -n-, sub-and-ovat-, pro--and-ovat-.

But from the adverb adjectives can be formed in a single case when adding the prefix co and the suffix -n-.

Examples of adjectives

Adjectives from nouns:

• Extra-ordinary - outside + row +;
• Foreign - for + boundary +;
• Smoked - for + artisanal + ened;
• Inter-row - between + row + one;
• Wrist - on + hand +;
• Overground - above + earth +;
• Innocent - not + wine + one;
• Amniotic - about + fruit +;
• Prepositional - from + sentences;
• Coastal - on + birch + +;
• Near Moscow + under + Moscow +;
• and etc.

Adjectives from verbs:

• Reckless - without + looking;
• Inevitable - not + avoidable;
• Unbearable - not + take-away + mnogo;
• Irrespective of - without + relative;
• Tear-stained - for + plak + ann;
• Negligent - not + rad + new;
• and etc.

Adjectives from adjectives:

• Sour - acidified;
• Household - forgotten;
• Naked - naked;
• Wide - extensive;
• Blind - blind;
• Long - oblong;
• and etc.

Adjective from adverb: together - joint.

Education of Adverbs

Adverbs are formed from:

• Adjectives;
• Nouns;
• Verbs;
• Adverbs;
• Numerals.

Adverbs, which are formed from adjectives in an adherent-suffix way, can have such combinations of prefixes and suffixes:

• And-to-him, -em, -y, -sk-, -y-, -y, -enk, -onch, -you;
• In-and-th, -n-, -ov-, -t-, -e, -n-, -y-, -o, -ih, -yh, -ax, -oy, -ye;
• The-and-e, -ih, -yh, -o;
• For-and-o, -y, -a;
• From- and -a, -e, -i;
• Is- and -y;
• Na and-o, -e, -yu, -oe, -yaka, -ik, -ki, -ok;
• C- / co and -a, -y;
• Syz- and -a.

There are also isolated cases:

• В- and -ах, -ой, -ые;
• Vo- and -o;
• For-and-th, -a;
• Of- and -e, -i;
• On and-oe, -yaka, -ik, -ki;
• On-and-out, -cocks;
• Not-and -y;
• Sub-and-th;
• Siz- and -stances;
• From under and-ka.

If an adverb is formed from a noun, then the prefix and suffix are added to the stem:

• In-and-and -y, -k (a), -h (a);
• On and -y, -k (a), -h (a), -ost4
• В- and -у, -е, -и, -ы;
• Na and -y, -ax, -yah;
• And -y, -e, -i;
• Pre- and -y;
• C- and -y, -a, -i;
• K- and -y.

Single cases: в- and -и, по and -и, от- and -и, на-and -о, за-и -ом, сыз- and -а, в- и -ку.

When the formation of adverbs comes from numerals, then they are added such suffixes and prefixes:

• In-and-with, -em, -o. -e;
• Na and -o, -e.

In the prefix-suffix way, words from verbs will have such prefixes and suffixes:

• In-and-ku, -ah, yah;
• Na and -ku, -y;
• Without- and -y;
• D- and y, -a;
• C- and -y.

Single cases: from- and -y, to-ka, na-and-ki, in-and-ka, c- and -ok, c- and - (j) a, nev-and-this, on And-th, on-and-yak.

Formation of adverbs from adverbs is less common. This happens with the addition of a prefix and a suffix: po and -y, and-ku.

Examples of the formation of adverbs

Adverbs from adjectives:

• In a businesslike way - in + business + ohm;
• Dog-like - dog + dog;
• Simply - by + simple + y;
• Slowly - on + quietly + onka;
• In large - in + large + oh;
• In vain - in + empty + uyu;
• In general - in + total + e;
• In the tenth - in the + dejat + yh;
• Dry to + dry + a;
• Izhelta - from - yellow + a;
• and etc.

Adverbs of nouns:

• Half - in + half + y;
• Half to + half + y;
• Below - in the + bottom + y;
• At the top - on + top + y;
• At first - to + start + y;
• Up to the top + up + top + y;
• Bottom - with + bottom + y;
• Up to + top + y;
• and etc.

Adverbs from numerals:

• The four of us - in + four o'clock + ohm;
• Double - in + double + e;
• In two - on + two + e;
• and etc.

Adverbs from verbs:

• Vpervolku - in + pass + ku;
• In plain view - on + type + y;
• Without interruption - without + silence + y
• and etc.

Adverbs of Adverbs:

• A lot - on + many + y;
• Ponaroshku - on + narosh + ku;
• and etc.

The order of word-building analysis

To determine which words are formed in an adherent-suffix way, it is necessary:

- First, to determine the lexical meaning of the existing word based on the source;

- Second, to determine the word the word is formed from;

- Thirdly, determine by what combination of prefix and suffix this word was formed.

So, consider a simple example.

Everyone knows that the word "lost" is formed in an adherent-suffix way. Let's make sure of this. Thus, the verb on / ter / n / n / and contains:

• Prefix;
• Root -ter-;
• Suffixes -y- and -n-;
• Ending with -i.

Why do we distinguish two suffixes -y- and -l-, and not one -ya-? This is due to the fact that verbs do not have suffixes, -al-, -al-, -il-, -ol-, -el-. The suffix -a-is also called the suffix of the infinitive, since the infinitive stem (to lose) ends with it. But the suffix -l- is a suffix of the past tense of the verb, that is, it is form-building, the basis of the word does not enter.