Female images in the novel "Oblomov" IA Goncharov. Two main female images in the novel

This outstanding novel was created in the middle of the XIX century and immediately recognized as a classic. The name of the main character became a household name. The book was written by the time. The abolition of serfdom was on the agenda of Russia's political life . Pushkin and Lermontov have already created Onegin and Pechorin - superfluous people in Russian society, people who leave behind no trace in History. Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov, guided by his creative ability, creates the image of an even more useless person - Ilya Ilich Oblomov. He brings laziness in the character of this landowner to horrific proportions. How important it was to read the nobles, brought up in the XIX century in the traditional style - in disregard for any work! In their understanding, the work was a muzhik occupation! Goncharov himself and himself in his youth received a similar education, so he knew what and how to write ...

About the topic of the article

The subject of our article will not be the main character - Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. We are attracted by something else: a system of images that was masterfully created by the writer in the novel. Oblomov Goncharov, thanks to the well-chosen type of his characters, the progressive thought of Russia in the person of Nikolai Dobrolubov named "a sign of the times." As we have already mentioned, the book was written during the awakening of national self-consciousness, on the eve of the peasant reform. Serfdom, this long-obsolete phenomenon, was about to be liquidated. And Goncharov's novel, which was a hand-written book of Emperor Alexander II, nicknamed the Liberator, really contributed to his abolition.

About the characters of the novel

In the book of Ivan Alexandrovich there are few heroes. This allows the author to present in the course of the novel a detailed description of each of them. And Goncharov has a talented use of his own system of images-antipodes: Stolz-Oblomov, Ilinskaya-Pshenitsyna.

Female images in the novel "Oblomov" - plot-forming. At first it was the mother, then the subject of the love of the main character - Olga Ilyinskaya and, finally, the woman who became his wife and the son of Andryusha, who had born him, Agafya Matveyevna Pshenitsyna. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov himself is an extremely uninitiated and inert person, cherishing his laziness and constantly staying in passive meditation. He is by nature - a slave. Therefore, his whole life seems to flow in the channel indicated by other people. More precisely to say - women close to him.

Images of women. Oblomov's mother

What are the symbolic images of nineteenth-century Russian literature created by Goncharov IA (Oblomov) for women's images? Let's talk more about them.

The most destructive of the maturing Oblomov was his own mother. That education that he received from her, formed a socially passive, indifferent to the person around her, immersed in the world of her dreams. As a landowner in the village of Oblomovka, Ilya Ilyich's mother personally contributed to the establishment of the cult of idleness there. It was her orders for the lively and intelligent child of Ilyusha to babysit, keeping a watchful eye on him so that the boy would not undertake any work.

Female images in the novel "Oblomov" are characteristic, they are actively involved in the formation of it as a person. As a result, for example, the influence of the mother from the boy grew up as a ruined local nobleman, without a business grasp, deceived by swindlers, whose list should begin with the manager of the estate.

Olga Ilyinskaya

Another female image is Olga Ilyinskaya. She conquered Ilya Oblomov's heart with her beauty, inadmissibility of all coquetry, unlike other girls. This character is most fully revealed by the writer Goncharov. Female images in the novel "Oblomov" found in him the most striking component.

In Olga organically coexisted mind, intelligence, simplicity and free character. Her personality is multifaceted. The girl is attracted by literature, music. She perceives the beauty of nature. It was the acquaintance with it that made, it would seem, impossible: Ilya Ilyich had to break away from the couch, start communicating with people and even try to organize his life.

The Widow of Pshenitsyn

The author could not have uncovered the plot of the novel without the presence of another character - Agafia Matveyevna Pshenitsyna, who organically supplemented the female images in the novel. She really loved Oblomov. Agafya Matveyevna - the real mistress of the home: kind, loving, caring. Moreover, she is ready to sacrifice for the sake of this love. This woman's origin is not from the nobility, like Ilyinskaya, she is from philistines. Like the majority of the population at that time, it is illiterate.

The idea of creating an image of Olga

Ilinskaya - of noble origin, it is outwardly very harmonious: somewhat high, with the right features and body shapes. She was introduced to Ilya Ilyich by their mutual friend Stolz. Olga likes the wealth of the mind of Ilya Oblomov, but he is disgusted with his way of life: laziness and empty reasoning. It sets itself a super task - to return Ilya Ilyich to a normal life, re-educating him.

The girl is the ideal wife-friend, wife-associate. Ilinskaya, in contrast to the mother Oblomova and Pshenitsyna, represents new, modern, active female images in the novel. Oblomov is embarrassed by her pressure.

Olga is completely absorbed in her plan to re-educate Ilya Ilyich. She sees this as her mission. In her understanding, both life and love are, in a large account, the fulfillment of duty. Therefore, her rational desire - to change Oblomov - she takes for love, not complementing his spiritual warmth. At the same time, Olga herself admits that she never presented such serious criteria to her close people before. Oblomov is confused by new aspects in their relationship.

Literary critic Pisarev called Olga's type - "the woman of the future". After all, it is inherent, on the one hand - naturalness, and on the other - an organic mix of thinking and acting.

The rationality of Olga's love

Arguing so abstractly, Olga crosses the border of what is permissible in relation to the protagonist. She tries to manipulate Ilya Oblomov, using conviction, sarcasm. The ancient Greeks used to call such a rational love a short word "pragma". Thus, Olga's pragmatic love, as we see, could not overcome Oblomov's shortcomings. It is not given to heal this feeling!

The role of female images in the novel Goncharov "Oblomov" is great. Agree, do not be in it intrigue, introduced by Olga Ilyinskaya, the plot of the book would lose its red thread.

As a result, Oblomov, who until then had confessed his love for Olga, was retreating. At the same time, returning to their usual way of life. He parted with her, writing a farewell letter. Ilya Ilyich understands that the public lifestyle, to which he is inclined by Olga - does not suit him.

Olga's image ... Was it just education that made her want to develop further? Hardly. This type of woman is revolutionary for Russian literature.

Consider this in a comparative example. The image of Olga Ilyinskaya in Goncharov's novel Oblomov is somewhat reminiscent of Pushkin's Tatiana Larin. The same noble origin, education, similar appearance, grace. However, the similarity ends here. If Tatiana can be called a "gentle dreamer," Olga is a self-sufficient person, active and energetic. It is a character, this is the essence of a warrior woman. Thus, the female images in IA Goncharov's novel, created a quarter of a century after Pushkin's, evolved, became different, corresponding to the dynamics of the development of Russian society.

The fact that she will part with Oblomov is inevitable. Olga Ilyinskaya finally recognizes her incompatibility with the chosen one and leaves Oblomov with the words that she loved his future. The girl realizes: a joint life with Ilya Ilyich will for her in the long term mean a mutual aversion by each spouse of the life values of another. Therefore, she builds her life differently: she marries the same active, as she, Stolz. However, Ilinskaya has an even greater vitality than her husband.

An interesting point of view on this feeling of Olga was expressed by the literary critic Nikolai Dobrolyubov. He believes that Ilinskoy peculiar to choose partners based on their own interest, that is, personal benefits. Therefore, in his opinion, if Stolz ceases to arrange her mercantile interest, Olga will leave him.

Simple and sincere Pshenitsyn Agafia

A comparison of the two female images in Goncharov's novel Oblomov begins with the moment of his quarrel with Olga and the move to the Vyborg side to stay with the widow Pshenitsyna.

Earlier this widow lost her husband-official and stayed with two children. This is an adult woman, sincerely wishing quiet family happiness. She was about thirty years old when she met Ilya Oblomov. Agafia does not inherent in aristocratic refinement of appearance, which differs the image of Olga Ilyinskaya. Externally it is full and belolitsa. She has big hands and rounded elbows. Her gray eyes - the mirror of the soul - are simple-minded and naive.

Indeed, Agafya Matveyevna is not interested in anything that does not concern the household. She herself is silent, she does not even try to listen to not interested in her conversations. However, as a mistress, this woman is omniscient and all-knowing. If the topic of interest is discussed, the widow of Pshenitsyn, as if by magic, becomes businesslike and smart.

This woman liked Ilya Ilyich immediately when he came to her on the advice of Tarantyev - to live on the Vyborg side. Her image is undoubtedly closer to Oblomov's soul than the image of Olga Ilyinskaya. It was such a woman he imagined in his childhood, when he read about the fabulous beauty Militrissa Kirbitievna. The fact is that the protagonist of the novel, infantile in nature, subconsciously wanted for himself a mother-wife who cares for him.

By its nature, Agafia Matveyevna is kind. She is helpful to her close people. It does not attract entertainment: visits to theaters or walks. Cares: to feed, dress, help - became the meaning of her life. Therefore, when Ilya Ilyich appeared in her house, he became an object of care for her.

The two main female images in Goncharov's novel Oblomov are two people who seem to have the same feeling. But, in contrast to the intellectual love of Olga Ilyinskaya, the love of Agafia Matveyevna Pshenitsyna to Ilya Ilyich is of a completely different kind. This love is sincere, cordial, not involving reservations of reason. The author with warm irony speaks about love Pshenitsyna to Oblomov. She fell in love without thinking, as if "falling under the cloud", caught a cold and fell ill with a fever.

Loyalty to Agafia Pshenitsyna

It is not accidentally the highest degree of spirituality that the character in the female images of IA Goncharov's novel Oblomov achieves, and it is in the image of the illiterate, out-of-date Agafya Matveyevna.

The widow of Pshenitsyn, the illegal wife of Oblomov, attracts the reader with its integrity, sincerity. For her in family life, the main thing is not the material aspect, but the soulfulness of the relationship. Such a woman will indeed be next to her beloved in grief and in joy, in wealth and poverty. To ensure proper care for the sick Oblomov, she sells her valuable things. And when he learns that her brother and the godfather lowly deceive and ruin Ilya Ilyich, then he breaks off all sorts of relations with them.

After Oblomov's death, she loses all interest in life. "It's like taking a soul out," she says of herself. Is not this a high feeling?

What is she - the love of Agafia?

Agafia Pshenitsyna intuitively perceives love as something natural, not connected with reason. She fell in love with Ilya Ilyich unselfishly, not for his inherent virtues. Her feeling also broke out not because of sacrifice, that is, not in spite of the fact that Oblomov is imperfect.

Agafia fell in love with him precisely as a person who, from the very beginning, is beautiful in itself. Such love in Russia was called Christian (previously this feeling was not judged from the standpoint of rationality or cordiality). The essence of Christian love is simply to love, because a person has such a feeling, and not because another person - the object of love - deserves something of this. Agafia Pshenitsyna loves Oblomov unselfishly. Obviously, therefore, in order to emphasize the truth of their love, Ivan Alexandrovich introduced into the plot of the novel an episode when the late mother who had come to Oblomov in a dream blessed him for a relationship with Agafia.

Views on the love of Agafia and Olga

The role of female images in the novel Goncharov "Oblomov", thus, also reduces to the original author's philosophical interpretation of love. If Olga wants to see Ilya Ilyich as a real man and tries to re-educate him accordingly, then Agafya Matveyevna does not need all this. Love Ilinskoy - is an ascension to the ideal. Love Pshenitsyna - adoration. However, both of them, being in love with Oblomov, themselves experience a spiritual awakening. Female images in the novel Goncharov "Oblomov" - highly artistic and inimitable. Still vigilant Belinsky subtly noticed this feature of Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov - "fine brush" write out female characters. None of the heroines of the potter's books repeats in any way another. All of them are individual, individual, special.

Conclusion

IA Goncharov artistically depicted in the novel "Oblomov" two really beautiful female images. This manifested his talent, observation, knowledge of life. A woman who actively builds life, and the woman is the keeper of the hearth. Female images in the novel "Oblomov" are relevant for our time. Ilya Alexandrovich, as a true wizard of the word, subtly reveals the features of each of these characters. As a result, both Olga Ilyinskaya and Agafya Pshenitsyna are the characters shown by their creator masterfully, with great artistic force and persuasiveness.

It is characteristic that both Olga and Agafia, in the course of the plot of the book, do not meet in person. Each of them lives and acts in their environment. One - active, active, supporting and helping; The other - cozy, homely, selfless, loving to the end. Which one do you like best? Decide for yourself.