The work of NA Nekrasov is a vivid and interesting page of Russian classical literature. Continuing and enriching the ideas and paths outlined by Pushkin and Lermontov, Nekrasov stepped far ahead in the development of those democratic ideals, patriotic views and tendencies that were claimed in the works of his great predecessors. Muza Nikolai Alekseevich - "muse of anger and sadness," the sister of a peasant woman, beaten with a whip on the Haymarket. All his life he wrote about the people and for the people, and the "rough" Russia - a beggar, destitute and beautiful - comes to us from the pages of his poetic collections as alive.
History of creation
The analysis of the poem "The Poet and the Citizen", like any other work of art, should begin with a study of the history of its creation, the socio-political situation that developed in the country at that time, and the author's biographical data if they are somehow related to the work . Date of writing - 1855 - June 1856. For the first time it was published in the author's collection, which was published in the same 56th. Before that, Chernyshevsky announced the Nekrasov book, having published in the nearest issue of Sovremennik a short review of the poem "The Poet and the Citizen" and his text, as well as a few more bright and non-Krasivian biting works, including the bitter satire "The Forgotten Village". Publications caused a great resonance in the society and a sharp discontent of the authorities and official criticism. In the Poet and the Citizen, the autocratic government saw (by the way, quite rightly) severe criticism of its own and subversive, revolutionary appeals. The whole number of "Contemporary", like the circulation of the book, was removed from free access and prohibited to reprint. The threat of closure hangs over the magazine itself. And over Nekrasov, who was at that time abroad, was threatened with arrest upon return. Why was the reaction of the authorities and censorship so stormy? An analysis of the poem "The Poet and the Citizen" will help to understand this.
Literary traditions and continuity
When Nekrasov heard rumors about the government's outrages in the field of culture, public opinion, literature, he replied that Russian writers saw "censorship storms and more terrible." And the democratic values, civic consciousness and sense of responsibility of the creative person to the society, the country, the time and their own talents are taken over by Nekrasov from the older brothers in the pen - Pushkin (it is enough to recall his famous "Talk of the book seller with the poet") and Lermontov ("Journalist, reader and writer "). The analysis of the poem "The Poet and the Citizen" makes it possible to trace how much Alexei Nikolaevich developed and deepened the great poetic traditions.
"Pure Art" and the Democratic Line
50-60-ies. The 19th century is a time of extreme tension for Russia. Despite the reaction, police oppression and autocratic censorship, there is growing dissatisfaction with the political climate, the self-consciousness of the progressive strata of the population is growing. Serfdom is cracking at all seams, the ideas of people's liberation, anger and revenge are floating in the air. At this time among the representatives of the creative intelligentsia there is a heated debate. "Poet and Citizen" - a poem by Nekrasov - vividly reflects their essence. Representatives of the so-called "pure art" (on their behalf the poet is arguing in the work) believe that poetry, literature, as well as music, painting should talk about "eternal". That real art is higher than socio-political problems and daily bread. As an example of such a position Nekrasov quotes a quote from a work by Pushkin (Poet and Citizen, verse "We were born for inspiration / For the sounds of sweet and prayers ..."). A vivid opponent of this point of view and a defender of an active life position in art is the Citizen in the poem. It reflects the views and ideas of the author himself, democratic tendencies and aspirations.
Theme and idea of the poem
Nekrasov never divided his poetry into a purely lyrical, intimate, and civil. These two directions, seemingly completely different, harmoniously united in his work in one general stream. "Poet and Citizen" (an analysis of the poem proves this statement) is a program product in the sense that it reveals the most important concepts for the author, touches on burning issues. Nekrasov clearly and openly expressed his creative and socio-political credo: it does not matter who you are by profession and beliefs. It is important that you are the son of your country, and therefore the citizen who is obliged to fight for it, for a better life, prosperity, both economic and spiritual. Unfortunately, very few agree with him. Therefore, the Citizen with bitterness exclaims: "Against the heart of the good / To which the motherland is holy." In the "hour of grief and sorrow" talented, honest, educated people do not have the right to sit on the sidelines, to sing "the beauties of nature" and "sweet caresses." Artists, especially writers, are endowed with a special gift - to influence the minds and hearts of people, leading them to themselves - to a feat. To fulfill one's duty, to give oneself to serve the Motherland and the people - this is the purpose of Nekrasov's creative personality. "The Poet and the Citizen", the analysis of which we are conducting - a poem-manifesto, a poem-appeal, openly calling all fellow people to speak on the side of the people: "There will be no decent citizen / To the fatherland is cold with soul / He has no more bitter reproach ..." .
Composition of the work and stylistic features
So, the theme of the poem is a poet and poetry, their role in the social and political movement of the country. The main idea and the main idea are expressed in such lines: "Be a citizen ... / For the benefit of the neighbor live ...". To make it clearer and clearer, to bring it more clearly to readers, Nekrasov chooses the original form for the lyrical Works - dramatized dialogue, ideological dispute. The replicas of the heroes are interspersed with the passionate monologues of the Citizen, full of rhetorical addresses and exclamations, making his speeches extremely emotional. At the same time, the poet conducts his own internal dialogue. A large number of imperative mood verbs, socio-political vocabulary, invocatory intonations create the same active-active mood among readers, to which Nekrasov aspires. "Poet and Citizen" - a poem by which he was able to fully prove to the masters the words that their task is not "elegant literature" and the delight of the hearing of her lovers, not idle talk, but service to the people. Its relevance has not lost the present work in our days.