List of dogs. How dogs are bred

Every dog owner, whether an amateur or a professional breeder, is faced with the fact that a four-legged friend from a puppy grows into an adult dog and enters into puberty. It is necessary to make a choice - to knit a pet or not to knit, whether it is necessary to breed or better to refuse the breeding of puppies. And if the decision is made in favor of mating, it is necessary to know when and how dogs are bred.

A little physiology

Sexual maturity in dogs occurs approximately in 8-12 months. In males and bitches this manifests itself in different ways: there are changes in the behavior and habits of the dog, characteristic of its sex. The growth of the dog is remotely similar to the puberty period in adolescents.

By the way, bitches "mature" a little earlier than males, and small breeds of dogs are ready for reproduction at an earlier age than large dogs.

However, the first signs of puberty in males and females are not a reason for immediate mating. It is important to remember that mating of dogs is a serious step, which must be approached with all responsibility and most importantly - on time!

The pubertal period in the male

On the onset of puberty in the male, the following symptoms attest:

1. The young dog shows increased attention to his sexual organs: licks them and paws them with his paw. Watching him at this moment, you can draw parallels with youthful masturbation.
2. Most males begin to show remarkable sexual interest in everything, including the owner or other pets. The hormones of the dog's teen go off scale, he sticks to the cat living in the house, to his toy, to the mistress's coat, to the couch, to the owner's foot - in a word, demonstrates his sexual desire with all his might. By the way, this should be stopped, as this behavior can eventually develop into a bad habit that will drive the owner into the paint every time his four-footed friend "gets attached" to a stranger in the park or at a bus stop.
3. Absolutely all males during puberty begin to mark the territory.
4. Along with the behavior, the dog's psyche also changes: stubbornness, independence, disobedience and some aggression towards other dogs. This kind of "cockiness" of males is nothing more than the desire to determine their place in the social structure. As a rule, it passes after the process of puberty comes to an end (about 14-17 months).

You should know that puberty and fertility are not the same thing. At the initial stage of the canine pubertal period, the concentration of spermatozoa in the male sperm is extremely low. Complete sperm maturation occurs in 12-14 months in small breeds, and in 20-24 months in large dogs.

Maturing bitches

The beginning of the process of puberty in females is manifested as follows:

1. The bitch starts the estrus. Usually it occurs in 6-8 months in small dogs, and at 18-22 months in large breed dogs. The first heat is always short and shorter than all subsequent. Many beginner breeders are interested in the question of the time of the estrus of the bitch, and the most important is "how much". The estrus in dogs of all breeds occurs approximately 2 times a year and lasts about 18-20 days.
2. Vulva bitches (the so-called "loop") swells and gradually increases in size. According to her condition, you can judge about ovulation: in the early days of the estrus the loop is stiff, and the secretions are dark and lean. By the time of ovulation the vulva becomes soft and maximally enlarged, the discharge becomes lighter and becomes pinkish-yellow.
3. As a rule, during puberty, bitches, unlike males, do not become more aggressive: the main change in behavior is the so-called "hunting period", conjugated with the aspiration of the bitch to mating.
4. As a rule, with the onset of estrus, the dog's well-being does not deteriorate, except that some bitches may lose their appetite for a while .

Despite the obvious tendency of the bitch to mate, it is not worth it to knit right after the first heat, because the dog's organism only enters into "adult functioning", and it will take some time for complete adaptation. As a rule, the bitch's organism is completely ready for the continuation of the genus after the third estrus.

Knit or ...?

The dog's lap is an important stage not only for the animal, but also for the host. Responsibility for the sex life of a thoroughbred dog lies entirely with the breeder. It is advisable to decide on this issue before purchasing a puppy. And the point is not that the mating of dogs is a troublesome business, but in what is later done with litter. With puppies that meet breed standards, problems usually do not happen: many people dream of a pedigreed four-legged friend and do not spare money for that. And what about the so-called "culling"? Stoke or throw to the mercy of fate? Definitely not an option! It is better to weigh everything in advance and clearly understand that the act of mating dogs is a very serious step, followed by the birth of puppies, the responsibility for the fate of which lies entirely on the person.

Puppies are not just cute fluffy lumps! First of all, these are spoiled children, peeing at the carpet, scratching the door, peeling wallpaper and chewing shoes. In addition, during a period of active growth, they eat quite a lot - and a balanced diet significantly "hits" on the pocket.

Therefore, before there is a mating of dogs, it is necessary to attend to the equipment of a special place for keeping canine cubs. In addition, not all bitchs experience the inexpressible joy of motherhood.

It is important to understand that in order for a thoroughbred dog of any gender to be valued as a breeding breeder, it is necessary to have such factors as:

• The perfect exterior;
• Presence of "blue blood" in the pedigree;
• Participation in exhibitions, receiving awards and medals;
• Strong psyche and a stable nervous system of the dog.

Better in any way, than somehow!

Remember that thoroughbred dogs, whose photos are adorned in all print and online publications, is the result of proper knitting.

Despite the desire of the dog to mate, you do not need to knit your pet just like that. Professional cynologists unanimously assert that if the dog does not receive the required number of cases every year, it is not worthwhile to begin. The first mating of dogs will forever change the psyche of the animal, and if this does not happen regularly, the dog (especially the dog) will look for a partner for amorous comfort among other animals.

Therefore, if you do not plan to breed puppies, it is better to leave the dog in ignorance of canine sex. Over time, unrelated dogs completely atrophied sexual instinct, and they live a full life, absolutely not suffering because of the lack of mating.

Selecting a pair

If you have decided to breed, then the first thing you should do is look for a suitable partner for your dog. Choosing a pair for mating in order to get a thoroughbred litter is perhaps one of the most important steps of breeders. Especially it concerns owners of bitches. How to find a worthy challenger "on the paw and heart" of your "girl"?

The first thing is to contact the club, which is your dog. A competent zootechnician, based on pedigrees and exterior data of a bitch, will surely pick up a worthy male, who will fully comply with it. Best of all, if the dog is from another city and another club - the offspring of the so-called "new line" is always successful.

Of course, the "husband" for your dog can be found independently, but for this you need to understand the breed well, read literature, attend exhibitions and be aware of the whole "intraboo" life. When choosing a dog, be guided not only by the appearance of the dog. Be sure to inquire about the origin and thoroughly study its pedigree. The pedigree should be genuine and issued by a solid club - this is a guarantee that the puppies received as a result of pairing will be not only highlyborne, but also in demand.

Marriage contract

As soon as a suitable dog is found, and all the conditions are agreed, it is advisable to make a dog knitting contract. This document includes such items as:

• Passport data of the owners of the eventual pair of dogs, including residence registration, the address of actual residence, e-mail and telephone numbers;
• Breed of dogs, their nicknames and dates of birth, color, as well as a list of exhibitions, ratings and titles;
• The owners of the bitch indicate the number of previous matings, genera and puppies born in each litter;
• The exact date of the first and control mating is entered;
• Fixed payment method for mating owner of the dog;
• Clarify the rights and obligations of the parties;
• Copies of the pedigree and color photographs of both dogs are attached.

The concluded contract is a reliable guarantee that neither side will be deceived. The owner of the dog will receive the agreed payment, and the owner of the bitch - high-class puppies.

Dog Calendar

The first knitting of dogs (however, like all the following) - the process for dogs is quite natural. Breeders will have to work hard, so that everything goes smoothly and effectively. Especially it concerns owners of bitches. To find out the most favorable day for such an event as a dog's mating (on which day of a close cycle), it is necessary to keep a diary during the first three streams, which will include such data as:

• Changes in dog behavior;
• Monitoring the bitch's well-being;
• Date of beginning and end, as well as the number of days of estrus.

Keeping a diary will greatly facilitate the task of breeders. Thanks to the records, you can easily plan the days of dog breeding. In addition, based on the data of the diary, you can in time to conduct all the necessary procedures before the mating, for example, prohelmenminizirovat and instill dogs, as well as conduct an analysis to detect hidden infections. The most favorable for mating are 10-14 days of heat in the cycle at 21-23 days and 14-18 days with a cycle of 26-28 days.

First time

How does the breeding of dogs occur? To start, the bitch is taken to the dog, and in no case is the reverse. This is a rigorous rule, the deviation from which will reduce all attempts to mating to zero. The fact is that in his legal territory the dog feels himself the master of the situation. He behaves confidently and actively caring for his "lady of the heart." She, in turn, is somewhat frightened by the change of the situation and does not resist too much.

Do not expect that, barely seeing each other, the couple will actively make love. First they need to get acquainted, run, play with each other. In a word - "fall in love". Before the very mating of dogs, one needs to feed and walk well, so that the couple is not distracted by the vital needs.

Mating process

During the mating of dogs, it is worthwhile to tune in beforehand that it will take a long time to wait. After flirting and courting, the dogs begin to mate. The dog is always the initiator. First of all, he begins to show tenderness to the bitch - licks her ears, nose, sides and loop. This is a kind of prelude that prepares the bitch for intercourse.

The bitch's readiness is manifested in the fact that she readily crouches and takes her tail to the side. However, when the male tries to make a cage, the bitch snarls, dodges, growls, and can even slightly bite the partner. The entire period of courtship begins anew and continues until the dog introduces the penis into the loop of the bitch.

The fact that the dog has all turned out, is marked by the screech of a bitch. The male at this speeds up movement, and then freezes by injecting sperm into the genital tracts of the bitch. At the same time, the angry genitalia of the bitch swell strongly and compress the male's penis with a dense ring. This process is called a dog breeder "gluing" or "lock". Bounded by a bitch, the dog turns to its back, in this position the dogs stay from a couple of minutes to several hours, until the swelling of the genital organs of the bitch stops.

After 48 hours, a control mating is carried out in case if the first time fertilization did not occur.

Instructors called?

Many dogs cope with the task of mating themselves, but some breeds need help, without which the dogs will not be able to do. The most thoroughbred dogs, whose photos bring to the emotion of many of us, are chihuahua, toy terriers, yorkies. Also, help can be needed plump pugs, and bulldogs, and larger mastiffs.

If you are in a knitting dog - a beginner - and feel unsure, an instructor will help you to knit dogs. He will help to properly hold the bitch or raise the dog during the mating, will help when tying the dogs in the "lock", will conduct the necessary hygiene measures after mating. Instructor for breeding dogs - the pleasure is not free. The payment for services is made in different ways:

• If the dog is untied, and the bitch is not, then the owner of the bitch pays for the help of the instructor;
• If the bitch is untied, and the male is not - the owner of the dog pays;
• Under the agreement of the owners of dogs, the services of an instructor can be paid in half.

It is better to lead the mating of the above breeds of dogs with an instructor for the reason that correctly untied males and bitches are more "experienced" in subsequent matings and do not require anyone's intervention.

Happened?

Pregnancy bitch can not "recognize" by eye, but you can "see" after 22-24 days by ultrasound or with the help of special pregnancy tests. These tests are based on determining the content of the hormone relaxin, the amount of which increases severalfold with the course of pregnancy.

Some of the signs of pregnancy may be drowsiness and toxicosis. Roundness of the abdomen in many bitches is observed only at the end of pregnancy, then swelling of mammary glands occurs .

After the proper time, the long-awaited puppies appear, and the main task of the breeder is to provide them with proper nutrition, and then to find good hands.