Agriculture of Krasnodar region: structure

At present, the Russian state faces the issue of accelerated import substitution, the solution of which is impossible without agriculture. It is the development of the agricultural sector that helps to ensure the proper level of the country's food security. This applies to both the whole of the Russian Federation and its individual regions, including the Krasnodar Territory. This area is ideal for this industry.

Krasnodar Region as an agro-industrial region

In Russia the industry is rather well developed. Agriculture of the Krasnodar Territory includes about 7,000 enterprises with different forms of ownership. Of these, more than six hundred are large or medium-sized organizations. Employment in the agricultural sector is about 400 thousand people.
The most widespread in the Kuban were:

• Production of grain crops;
• Production of industrial crops;
• viticulture;
• Sugar production;
• Dairy industry.

Such a wide variety of branches of the agro-industrial complex is due to the unique type of climate that creates favorable natural conditions on this territory. It is here that the border of the temperate and subtropical climatic zones passes.

One of the leading regions of Russia for the development of the agro-industrial complex is considered to be the Krasnodar Territory. The total area of the Kuban is more than 7.5 million hectares, of which 4.75 million hectares are occupied by agriculture. Regulatory regulation, as well as control over the development of the industry is carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Krasnodar Territory. The most important conditions for ensuring the progressive development of the agroindustrial complex are as follows: maximum effective exploitation of fertile lands, development of crop production and livestock raising, improvement and modernization of the processing industry.

Structure of agriculture

The modern agro-industrial complex of the Kuban is characterized by the prevalence of crop production over livestock. They account for 67.33 and 32.67% respectively. In plant growing, the main specialization is the cultivation of grain crops. Among the technical species, sugar beet and sunflower predominate. Priority is the cultivation of fodder crops. For example, green fodder, silage, corn, etc. Sowing of potatoes and vegetable crops is insignificant.

The Krasnodar Territory's agriculture is gradually developing. Viticulture, gardening, vegetable growing are being restored. Gradually increase the cultivation of some subtropical crops.

Livestock, in turn, is represented by the following sectors: cattle breeding, poultry farming, pig breeding, sheep breeding. The share of horse breeding, beekeeping, fur farming, fish farming, rabbit breeding and ostrich farming is much lower.

Grain production in the Krasnodar Territory

In the cultivation of grain crops, the largest share is allocated to winter wheat. The Krasnodar region's agriculture is built in such a way that it is grown in all areas. Preference is given to wheat varieties that are resistant to drought and disease and have high yields. For example, Bezostaya-1 and Krasnodar-46. In Kuban produce up to 10% of the gross volume of wheat throughout the country. Spring wheat in the structure of crops occupies 1-2%.

In second place - winter barley. It is distinguished by its fire-endurance, but is less resistant to low temperatures. Approximately 5-10% of the acreage is corn. It is demanding on the composition of the soil and requires a large number of fertilizers.

In the Kuban they cultivate their own rice variety, derived from this territory, - Dubovsky-129. To increase the yield, it is necessary to use special agrotechnics and artificial irrigation. The area for rice sowing is 3% of the total land area for the cultivation of grain crops.

Viticulture

This branch has a significant impact on the agriculture of the Krasnodar Territory. Different varieties of grapes are grown throughout the region, since for each of them a different type of climate is needed. The most suitable conditions were established in the Black Sea zone. About 50 varieties of grapes grow on the Kuban

Vegetable growing

For this industry, suitable climatic conditions have developed in the Krasnodar Territory. Among vegetable crops, tomatoes, cabbage, cucumbers, potatoes, etc. can be singled out. The south, the west and the center of the Krasnodar Territory mainly specialize in their cultivation.

For the potato, the foothill zone is most favorable, although in comparison with the central regions of Russia its yield in this area is low.

Gardening

The most suitable conditions for the establishment of gardens were formed on the Black Sea coast, as well as in the west and south of the Azov-Kuban lowland. Mostly, apple, plum, pear, peach, cherry, cherry, apricot, etc. are grown here.

Melon-growing

Mainly this sector prevails in the western regions. This is due to the fact that watermelons and melons require a lot of heat and sun. The most resistant to cold is the pumpkin.

Livestock raising

The basis for the successful development of animal husbandry is the abundance of natural forage land. Agriculture of the Krasnodar Territory provides for grazing in the northeast of the foothills. High mountain pastures are very rarely used here. The main part of the feed is grown on the fields.

Here, the breeding of cattle of milky and meat direction prevails. Pig breeding is mainly developed in the central and northern parts of the Kuban. Basically bred pig large white breed. Chickens prevail in poultry farming.

Program for the effective development of the agricultural sector of the Krasnodar Territory

Department of Agriculture of Krasnodar Region has developed a program to develop this industry. It provides for the formulation of the following main tasks for the AIC:

• Improving the quality of agricultural products and food industry;
• Development of human resources ;
• Restoration of abandoned land;
• Improvement of the industry by maintaining soil fertility;
• Estimation of available needs for investments, search of sources of money resources.

Control over the execution of the program is carried out by the Minister of Agriculture of the Krasnodar Territory.

Thus, Krasnodar Region is one of the leading regions that ensures the food security of the state. The development of agriculture plays a leading role in the economy of this region. The most widespread was plant growing, especially grain production. The share of other industries in the structure of the agro-industrial complex is much smaller. At present, there is a positive trend towards an increase in agricultural production. First of all, this is due to the improvement of pricing policy and the credit mechanism, as well as an increase in the volume of budget allocations for the development of the complex. In the long term, the competitiveness of the agricultural sector of the Krasnodar Territory will grow, both on the Russian and international markets.