Fruit plants: names, photos and descriptions

The fruits of cultivated plants, of course, are a very valuable food product. Eating them for food brings great benefits to the human body. In addition to all kinds of vitamins and trace elements, the fruits of garden crops contain organic acids, carbohydrates, proteins, etc. Not only the fresh apples, pears and plums are of great nutritional value. No less useful for health and various kinds of winter harvesting from fruits. It can be, for example, compotes, juices, jams, jam.

Which fruit plants are grown in gardens: classification and names

There are only three main groups of similar cultures:

1. Seeds. To this variety belong, for example, apples, pears, quince.
2. Stone fruit - cherry, cherry, plum, peach, apricot, etc.
3. Ore-fruit. This group includes, for example, almonds and walnuts.

Also, in a separate group, low-spread fruit crops are usually isolated. Here you can include, for example, dogrose, lemongrass, sea buckthorn, etc.

general description

Virtually all fruit plants are perennials. They reproduce mainly vegetatively. That is - cuttings, layers, root offspring. Of course, some fruit crops can also be propagated by bones or seeds. However, with this method of planting, the plants of this group do not usually retain good varietal qualities.

In most cases, fruit trees require periodic pruning. The main purpose of this procedure is to increase the yield by eliminating the possibility of thickening the crown, as well as the rejuvenation of plants.

Fruit-bearing most of these crops begins only a few years after planting. Harvest from the plants of this group can usually be obtained only in August - September.

There are both early- and late- or mid-ripening varieties of fruit plants. The fruits of the first variety are most often eaten fresh. Compotes and jams are usually made of varieties of cherries, apples, pears, etc. mid-ripening. Late fruits are often stored in fresh or frozen form throughout the winter.

Selection work

Cultivated man fruitful plants for a long time. And for all this time, of course, it was received just a huge number of their most diverse varieties. There is a selection work with such cultures in our days.

In our country, the main task of specialists engaged in obtaining new varieties, see an increase in crop yields and their winter hardiness. Also, the selectionists pay maximum attention to improving the taste qualities of the fruits themselves. Another priority task in the derivation of new varieties of garden trees and shrubs, experts consider increasing their resistance to various diseases. In particular, this applies to the most common bacterial infection of fruit crops - scab.

How to plant properly

Distribute the fruit and berry plants in the garden in such a way that they do not shade each other in any way. Choosing a place for planting a particular culture, it is necessary to take into account, including its biological characteristics. Some fruit trees grow very high. Other members of this group may have a broad sprawling crown.

When planting fruit crops, the technology prescribed in this particular case should be strictly followed. Pits under such garden plants are usually prepared in advance. Before planting in them pour a certain amount of nutrient soil. Most often this is a fat garden soil mixed in certain proportions with mineral or organic fertilizers, peat, dolomite flour or lime, etc. Such a nutrient soil is prepared taking into account not only the characteristics of this particular crop, but also the composition of the soil on the site.

Actually the seedling itself is fixed in the pit with the help of a peg. Then he falls asleep to a certain level of the same, prepared in advance, soil and thoroughly watered.

What is worth considering

When choosing a place for fruit plants on the site, among other things, you should pay attention to the level of groundwater table. The roots of such crops can penetrate into the soil very deeply. And therefore it is desirable that the underground water is located at the landing site as far as possible from the ground level. Large fruit trees are usually planted where it is located at a depth of at least 2-3 meters, small - 1.5-2 m.

Seed plants: names and description

The most common cultures of this subgroup in our country are, of course, the pear and apple tree. Pine fruit plants usually have a rather sprawling crown and a long trunk of medium thickness. Flowers of such garden trees are most often bisexual. They grow on branches not alone, but collected in inflorescences of 4-8 pieces. The color of the petals in them can be white or pink.

Pretty-demanding care is required for a pome fruit culture. Plants of this variety are planted by cottagers usually not too much. After all, even 3-4 such trees can occupy a large part of the countryside. But in this case, and the harvest from one such fruit plant, in comparison with vegetable and berry crops, you can get a really huge.

At first, the pome fruits are fruited evenly and regularly. However, in the future, during the formation of already large harvests, the periodicity begins to appear in the cultures of this group (in a year). The peculiarities of fruit seed cultures also include the fact that in the majority they are self-fertile. That is, to get a crop of apples, pears or quinces, you need to plant simultaneously not one but two or three such trees.

The fruits of pome fruits are most often used fresh. Late-ripened apples and pears can often lie in a cool dry place, even until spring. Also, fruit from pomegranate crops is often made into compotes. For jam apples and pears are used quite rarely.

Names and description of stone

A feature of the plants of this group is the earlier fruiting in comparison with the pome fruits. It is not observed in stone and yield periodicity. There are two varieties of such garden plants: tree-like and shrubby. Plants of the first group can reach heights of up to 7 meters, the second 3-4 meters.

The most common stone fruit in Russia is, of course, cherry. The fruit of this plant ripens usually at the end of July - beginning of August. To taste, they are often sourish. They are used for making compotes, jams, jam, tinctures.

Also a common stone fruit in Russia is the plum. The fruits of this plant are considered a good laxative. For the winter of them usually cook only compotes and jam.

Description of walnut crops

South of Russia are the areas in which such fruit plants are most often grown. The names of many of them are known to almost everyone. But in the middle zone of the Russian Federation, of course, nut-bearing crops can be met quite rarely. The most striking representative of this group is the walnut. Also nut-fruit crops include hazel, peanuts, pistachios, hazelnuts, cashews, etc.

The fruit of such plants is the nucleus. The latter is usually enclosed in a hard shell. According to the structure, all nut-plant plants are divided into three main varieties: drupe, real and mixed. In Russia, all types of crops can be grown (for example, in the Krasnodar and Stavropol regions). In the first case, the fruit of the plant consists of a fleshy external pericarp, endocarp (shell) and the nucleus itself. A subset of such crops include, for example, almonds and walnuts.

Fruits of the second variety usually also consist of shell and core. However, in this case they are always enclosed in a flat (sheet wrapper). Actually the very core of real nuts consists of two halves. This group includes hazel and hazelnuts.

Lowly distributed crops: sea buckthorn and rosehip (description)

Some fruit plants are grown by our country's summer residents quite rarely. This is usually due to the high climatic requirements of such crops. Also some plants of this group were simply undeservedly forgotten by gardeners in the last several decades. The best-known in our country, little-spread crops are dogrose and sea-buckthorn. Of course, they do not grow in every garden. However, sometimes you can still see them in the suburban areas.

The fruits of both these crops are used mainly for medicinal purposes only. Rosehip can be used, for example, to relieve inflammation, improve the function of the gastrointestinal tract, and also as a good diuretic. The fruits of sea buckthorn are used as a means of supporting the reproductive system, restoring the functions of the intestine, which reduces the level of cholesterol in the blood.