Wiring diagram. The installation-technological scheme. Drawing up of wiring diagrams

The installation scheme was always needed for construction and repair. It is very difficult to orientate around the house without a wiring diagram, because after a major renovation, often both pipes and wiring are hidden.

When restructuring, it is also desirable to draw a diagram, according to which it would be possible to orientate in the performance of various works.

What is the wiring diagram?

This is the layout of the installation of communications, starting with heating pipes and ending with the wiring diagram. Basically, editing schemes are needed only to clarify and avoid errors before they occur, and they almost do not differ from each other in fulfilling their direct purpose.

It is best to start repairing from the installation diagram, compiling all complex nodes, communications and their intersection points.

Particular attention should be paid to the intersection of water pipes and heating pipes, it is very important not to confuse them and lay them so that in case of leakage or damage it could be from memory to determine what kind of pipe it is.

In the old multi-storey houses there are no special problems with this, the pipes go mostly hidden and come out only in places of connection to the tap or battery. Even under the sink it is often difficult to mix hot and cold water.

It is necessary to take this as an ideal sample when drawing up the wiring diagrams.

How to create wiring diagrams?

It is better to start the assembly diagrams before starting repairs and any work coordinated on the electrical and pipeline circuits. In rooms with high humidity, all connections must be carefully insulated, since moisture is unacceptable in wiring, use sockets with lids and fasten at least 50 cm from the source of moisture, this should be mentioned in the scheme.

The wiring diagram is composed of real measurements of objects, if this is an inaccurate scheme, then long identical sections can be cut out and the main nodes can be enlarged.

The installation scheme is best to be made immediately after the repair, at least you need to record the distance from the walls, ceiling. This is necessary so that when you fix a photo on the wall or other objects do not get into the wire.

Similarly, with water pipes hidden under the tile. Before installing mixers and other equipment, it is necessary to study the location of the pipes to avoid getting into them.

What schemes exist?

There is an installation and technological scheme, it shows the pipes or electrical wiring, which is made up by designers, they set the basic approximate norms without taking into account many factors. This is necessary in order to have a general idea of the pipeline or power transmission.

Such schemes are necessary for the approximate calculation of material and equipment and are not compiled for a working project and implementation into reality, but for preliminary analysis. If we want to lay a half-meter pipe for an oil pipeline, then we first need to analyze it superficially, without taking into account many factors.

Then, in more detail, draw up a diagram showing the valves, wells, air vents, fencing, signs and other many elements, without which it is impossible to calculate the required scope of work and the exact task for installers.

What is a working flow chart?

This is a wiring diagram, which in turn is performed by workers, chief engineers, team leaders and other people who directly draw up more detailed and detailed schemes based on local conditions.

They can more accurately indicate the required wire cross-section, diameter, size and material of the pipes, and the product that goes through the pipes with the appropriate marking must be indicated on the diagram. Power transmission with the specified voltage and current, the material from which the wiring, support, insulators and other numerous elements are made.

Also in the diagram there should be various apparatuses and equipment that enters the circuit, transformer rooms, more detailed diagrams of many complex assemblies, fittings, supports, walls and other elements that play an important role, affect the length and material, the thickness of the overall system.

Heating circuit

For a private house and apartment, the heating circuit diagram can be different. In its home, the circuit is often closed by a heating boiler, which is extremely rare in apartments. A variant of using an autonomous dual-circuit boiler is possible, where hot water goes both to heating and to mixers.

In this case, it is very important to either stick special marks on the pipes, or paint in certain colors. You can experiment with them, make an original color, purple or bright green, this will accentuate the interior and the need to mask the pipes will disappear, because they will become part of the design masterpiece.

It does not matter what color, the main thing is that you yourself know that green is heating, and the purple pipe is the one that goes to the tap. This is very useful when the pipe suddenly breaks and you need to quickly close the main cranes.

Pipeline installation scheme

The installation diagram of the water pipes differs from the heating system in that it is not closed. In case of water leakage, we will need to cover only 1 valve, not 2, and they should also be marked with different colors or symbols, especially in nodes where 3 or more pipes are connected.

Two or more pipes running in parallel always caused confusion among installers.

At long distances in basements and boiler rooms, all pipes running in parallel must be marked or painted in standard colors. In households there is no such need, but it is desirable to follow the same tradition and on the folds to draw the letters G and X, which means hot and cold.

Also on the installation diagrams, in order to avoid confusion, the pipes are marked in special colors, blue - cold, red - hot, yellow - gas pipe, gray - with compressed air and so on.

What should be considered when drawing up the installation diagrams of the water supply system?

If you have made repairs and do not want to accidentally punch a hidden pipe under the tile, then you need at least to write in a notebook where the pipes pass, at what distance from the wall, the amount and sequence relative to each other.

Let's say there are at least 4 pipes in the bathroom - cold water, hot water and two heating pipes. If all the pipes are hidden and you want to attach a fastener for the shower handle near the radiator or above the mixer, then the operation without the wiring diagram can end very badly if the pipe is damaged.

Therefore, it is very important to at least approximately know the location of the pipes, plus or minus 5 cm, if there is no circuit. And during the repair must be recorded.

It is best to mark the pipe with different colors of the pipe, it is very important not to miss the distance from the ceiling and walls, so that there is a landmark, the pipe material, in case of damage, in order to know which pipe to buy for the connection, diameter and so on.

The more information you have, the easier it is to continue to operate, so do not waste time writing.

What should I consider when installing electrical wiring?

Wiring diagrams of electrical equipment are more complex: it is necessary to indicate in the notebook the main nodes - packs, automata, the layout of the wires. Sign what switch goes where to the air conditioner or washing machine, which often require a separate safety device.

Then draw all the wires, their location, write the distance from the ceiling of all the hidden wires, often in the norm it is about 10 cm to minimize the hit in the line. But often the damage still occurs, and to repair it, you need to try hard.

That this does not happen, you should write everything down. In a hollow wall of gypsum board, the task is simplified, because the wire is normal, along with the corrugated sheath, which can not be damaged with a screw or with a screw as easily as a wire.

It is better to place a hidden wire in either a corrugated or special sheath to protect the wire from possible damage, which is fraught not only with replacement, but also with an electric shock from an inaccurate person.

In the bathroom it is better to use double-sheathed wires, with reliable isolation of all connection elements, because condensation will necessarily cause short circuit in inattentive owners.

Wiring diagram of the electric starter

Also in a private house, a wiring diagram for connecting a starter, for example an electric motor on a small machine, is useful. This is necessary when replacing parts to avoid confusion. The diagram should indicate the main parts, including the fixing, diameter and material of the wire.

It is necessary that the diagrams also have a cross-section of wires, the distance between the centers of the fixing holes, the main adjoining parts and the like, which may be important when replacing the line, the equipment, so that one thorough review of the circuit would suffice and whether the new element is suitable or not.

If the starter is broken on the car, then you can not do without a connection scheme. It is very convenient to use not a simple scheme, but a voluminous one, where the main connection nodes are indicated, which is the key to success for a beginner without a mentor.

The wiring diagram is an integral element for any construction and repair process, without it you can not build a pipeline into the house, do not neglect this important detail for a quality repair of any house.