Who wrote "Mumu"? The story "Mumu" Turgenev

"Mumu" - one of the most famous works of Turgenev. True, not everyone knew about this. No, not about the book, but about who wrote Mumu. In the article given below, the work itself and its author will be considered in detail. Readers are waiting: the biography of Turgenev, the content and analysis of the story, as well as the meaning of this.

The author of "Mumu"

It turns out that despite the celebrity of the work under discussion, not everyone knows who wrote Mumu. Everyone knows Gerasim and his dog, everyone knows what happened to the latter and thanks to whom. But not everyone can remember from the school bench who wrote "Mumu" - the most famous work. And the story was created by none other than the Russian writer Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev.

Biography of Turgenev

It will also be useful to find out what the author of the story "Mumu" was for a man. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev was born in Orel on October 28 (or November 9) in 1818, and died in Bougival, near Paris, on August 22 (or September 3) in 1883, having lived 64 full years. Despite the place of his death, the writer is still buried in Russia, namely, in St. Petersburg, at Volkov Cemetery.

Turgenev's mother was a rich landowner, and her father belonged to an old noble family. However, the boy immediately hated serfdom. When Ivan was 9 years old, his family moved to Moscow, where the boy was trained at home teachers and in private boarding houses until 1833, until he entered one of Moscow's verbal branches. A year later Turgenev moved to St. Petersburg, where he moved to the Faculty of History and Philology.

His first sketches - then poetic - Turgenev decided to show in 1836 to university professor Pletnev. Two years later, Sovremennik published two poems by Ivan Sergeevich - "To Venus Meditsinskaya" and "Evening".

When did the work appear?

Turgenev's biography can be painted for a very long time, but we are still interested in a specific story - "Mumu". The author of many already published works was at the time of writing his famous masterpiece in the congress. All because he wrote a response connected with the death of Gogol, who did not like the authorities, for which they removed Turgenev away. The case was in April 1852nd.

Retelling a work

A little lower is provided a short summary of "Mumu" for those who either did not read this story, or forgot what it is about. Everyone remembers only the essence: Gerasim drowned his dog, but under what circumstances the man did it, not everyone can remember. So, retelling.

Gerasim - a deaf-mute man who looks like a hero because of his great growth and powerful strength - liked the lady somehow, and took it with him so that he could work in her yard. Despite his reluctance, the peasant had no choice, he had no right to oppose the rich landowner, and so soon he moved to a city where work was much less. However, the latter only irritated the industrious man, who was ready to plow for days on end, interrupting only for sleep.

All people are afraid of Gerasim because of his malevolent appearance. However, this does not prevent a man from falling in love with a nice, modest girl named Tatiana. Gerasim periodically approached his beloved, smiled at her and made small pleasant gifts. She, in turn, did not answer in return, but Gerasim herself was afraid, like everyone else, although he treated her extremely positively. Once the mistress decided to marry one local drunkard - Kapiton Klimov, - in order to save that from alcoholism with the help of female affection. And she chose him as a companion in life - that's the coincidence - Tatiana. Soon the wedding was played, and even later (a year later) the girl and her husband left the city.

Once Gerasim strolled along the river and noticed how someone was floundering in the mud near the shore. The man looked closely and realized that this puppy was small. Gerasim took him to himself, found out that this is a girl, and called her Mumu, because he could not say anything else.

A whole year the dog lived with its new owner. They fell in love with each other inexpressibly, became attached. Mumu became a kind, non-malicious dog, quite intelligent and smart; She showed respect to all people, but loved only Gerasim. He, in turn, treated her about the same way as a mother to her child.

One fine day, when the lady was in a good mood, she noticed that there was a dog in the courtyard, that she had gnawed bone. She ordered immediately to deliver the dog, which, by the way, first liked her. They brought Mumu into the rooms of the lady, but with the habit of her life, everything was frightened, and therefore she nearly touched the woman who was stretching her arms to her. The lady got angry, ordered that the dog be removed from her living room aggressive. After last night, the woman pressed to the butler Gavril that Mumu did not give her sleep, moreover, they already have one old dog in the yard, for which they have another pet? And the mistress ordered the lady to remove the dog from the city.

People performed the task, and soon the dog returned to its owner, who could not find a place for himself. The lady knew about this, became angrier than the former, again ordered to get rid of the dog. And Gerasim for the first time realized that it was not just for Mumu's disappearance, so when the subordinates came to the dog's soul, he said (showed) that he would kill her. And indeed, Gerasim took the pet to the river and drowned her.

After the action, the man gathered up his belongings and left the city. The mistress was upset by the loss of this, yelling at the subordinates, they say, they all misunderstood and there was no order to kill the dog. Later Gerasim was found in his own village, but the lady did not return it, considering him ungrateful. And spent the rest of his life a man on his native land. He never once started a dog, never once did he look at women, only worked, tirelessly.

Analysis of the work

"Mumu" is a story not only about the difficult peasant life in which every forced person has to follow any orders that come "from above", but also about kindness, love and bitterness from loss. Below are the images of Gerasim and the ladies, as well as a discussion on the main issue that tortured more than one reader.

Image lady

You can not disregard the main anti-hero of the work. So, what kind of lady is she? Why does it cause the reader a strong feeling of dislike?

Firstly, the lady is heartless. It is not known whether she knew about Gerasim's feelings for Tatiana, the work does not say about it, however, given how quickly rumors spread out everywhere, it's easy to guess that she was surely aware of everything. In addition, she knew full well how her worker attached herself to the dog, but still gave a cruel order.

Secondly, the lady is vindictive and harmful. The decision to kill the dog came to her mind only after Mumu nearly bit her. Because of this, the woman ordered to remove the dog. Is not this rancor? Moreover, the lady pretended that she was not feeling well because of barking. In fact, obviously, she was infuriated not so much by barking as the dog herself.

Third, the lady is selfish. She wanted to have her in the yard a decent hard-working man - she led him. She wanted two people who did not like each other to marry - please. She realized that she had lost the man because of her own order - she blamed all her people, not herself, saying that she had not asked for the killing of the dog. There are many examples, but it is obvious in all that the lady is concerned only with her own feelings, her own benefit, she does not care about the others.

The image of Gerasim

What was this country peasant?

First, kind and capable of sincere feelings. Despite the external seriousness and power, so frightening the surrounding people, Gerasim always remained a positive hero. It's the best way to show the episode of rescuing a dog. His ability to love is obvious: he took a decent amount of time to look after Tatyana, although she was afraid of him, and he was more attached to Mum than to anyone else.

Secondly, honest and open, able to keep his word. Let us see this only in the moment when he, after promising to drown the dog, did this, but judging by the rest of the people, they were all sure that Gerasim would not deceive. They as one said that once a man said, then he would do it.

Thirdly, hard-working, strong and hard-working. Moving to the city did not like him initially, not because of the fact that he will have to live among city people, but because of the lack of a large amount of work. Gerasim used to work hard, moreover, he loved to do it. Moreover, after returning to his native village, he did nothing but work.

Why did not Gerasim take the dog with him?

Probably the most part of people after reading asked this question. Indeed, on the part of the reader, the way out seems to be obvious - to take the dog with him, since he is still going to leave the fastidious lady. Why did not Gerasim do this? Did not he love Mumu? Turgenev just mocked the reader? However, not all so simple.

During the whole work Gerasim lost something. In general, he initially was not completely free man, but a peasant, but after getting to know the mistress everything turns out to be much more complicated.

First, his native village. Gerasim loved her, he liked to plow for four, he liked to work like a damn, he was completely satisfied with everything. However, with the advent of the new "leadership" had to leave his native village, to which the man really attached.

Secondly, Tatyana. This girl did not just like Gerasim, he was in love with her. Perhaps this is the first representative of the beautiful half of humanity, to which our brave masculine "has sunk". But she was also deprived of the lady of Gerasim, having given out a humble prude to a local drunkard.

Thirdly, Mumu herself. Her Gerasim loved more of the village and Tatiana. He became attached to the animal so strongly that he was ready for it for a lot. But what? Correctly, and this happiness the mistress has deprived the man.

The author of the work "Mumu" shows that everything that Gerasim was attached to, everything that he genuinely loved flew into the tartaras. Surely a man realized that all his feelings for something or someone make him vulnerable. He knew that he would not live if Mumu survived. Gerasim loved her, really loved him, but he could not leave her at home, as the lady would not calm down until she killed a hateful dog. It was because of this that he never started anyone else again, that's why he no longer paid attention to women on his return to his native village - he did not want to feel affection and love again, again to be vulnerable. It's hard, it's difficult, but in a way, Gerasim did the right thing.

Attachment is evil

Judging by the aforesaid, it is to this opinion that people should come. Perhaps attachment is really evil. Especially when it comes to the peasants, because you can not forget about what time the story was written, so famous in our day. "Mumu" is a work proving that it is extremely dangerous for ordinary, poor people to become attached to something or someone. Moreover, often not only the poor suffer.

To make it easier to understand, you can give an example more modern. How many films have been shot, where children or other close people are taken hostage for the sake of ransom or other fulfillment of any requirements? Countless numbers. And they all perfectly show that no matter to whom a person is attached - to a woman, a child or an animal - it makes him weaker, more vulnerable, more defenseless in the eyes of others. Those who have no one, are morally stronger than others. They have no weaknesses, they have nothing to lose.

Of course, one can not deny the importance of close people in our lives. Without them, anyone will be bored, lonely and hard. However, if a person works for dangerous people who are capable of terrible acts due to their influence and their connections, one must be extremely cautious in their attachments.

Turgenev and "Mumu"

In the modern world, almost everyone knows the work. True, often his name is grafted and called, complementing, "Gerasim and Mumu." The author, despite such a small number of pages, perfectly conveyed his dislike of serfdom, expressed in a proud prickly mistress and forced to obey the "boss" peasant. True, modern people like this work only because it makes you start a tear.

Indeed, many people who study the story "Mumu" Turgenev in school, crying right at the lessons because of pity for an innocent dog. What an irony of fate - his petite Gerasim saved from the river, and then killed there. Involuntarily attend the thought that you can not escape fate. In this story, apparently, Mumu was destined to die in the water, and the initial salvation only delayed the death.

Conclusion

So, now you know who wrote "Mumu", what meaning the author put in his work. Of course, it's possible that everything was different, and the meaning of the story is completely different, but each version has the right to exist. "Mumu" Turgenev wrote, sitting in prison, in captivity, and the story turned out to be appropriate - a serious, serious and memorable.