Which machine tool for CNC woodworking?

Automated machine tool for woodworking with numerical control (numerical program control) is used throughout the industry. Engraving, milling - these are the necessary technologies for furniture production. The consumer is demanding of the appearance of finished products. The modernized equipment park allows the company to remain competitive, reducing the cost of the final product.

Types of machines

Modern CNC milling machines for woodworking have increased rigidity of construction, due to the use of composite materials. Strongly different performance from previous generations of equipment with software processing. Multi-axis systems allow you to make 3D shapes in 3D.

The machine for woodworking with CNC is not only one type - they are classified according to their purpose:

• Industrial;
• Portal;
• 3d and 5d processing;
• Desktop or portable.

We will consider these groups in more detail. The machine for woodworking with CNC for industrial use is compiled in the form of a computer center. This installation is capable of performing a full cycle of production of parts on a loaded three-dimensional shape. In the process, the position of all axes, the type of tool, and the number of finished products are monitored. All parameters are stored in a separate memory and are available when analyzing faults.

Portal installations are less ambitious and are selected for specific production purposes. The table type performs mobile tasks for making small 3d pieces of small size. The multi-axis 5d machine produces full-scale three-dimensional figures. A multi-axis system requires the use of an extended version of the CNC controller, which significantly increases the cost of the equipment.

How does it work?

The machine for woodworking with CNC is mainly milling type. The tool removes a layer of material due to the torque. Production of the final product is carried out using three types of processing:

• Cutting of blanks;
• Drilling holes;
• Engraving the impression on the surface.

Before starting the automatic mode, the machine codes are downloaded via the software. A 3D image is created by standard applications. The kernel is located in the CNC-equipment. There is a continuous monitoring of cutting regimes, tool wear, the state of mechanical systems is monitored.

Software technology is developed once. Serial production of parts is carried out by pressing the "START" button. The operator makes only corrective data on the results of measuring the dimensions of the grooves, edges. The main unit of the machine is a spindle whose power affects the productivity. The cutter is responsible for the quality of the resulting pattern, the seam, the holes.

Stepper motors provide movement of the bed with the tool on the coordinate system. The table for the workpiece is with a clamping device. It can provide circular motion for additional installation functions.

Criterias of choice

You can assemble CNC machines for woodworking at home by connecting a conventional PC to the controller. However, an expansion board is needed to ensure signal conditioning. By own efforts, the purchased parts of the equipment are assembled. The serial, ready-made settings are undermined for certain tasks, which simplifies the choice.

Manufacturers have already taken into account typical errors in the assembly, calculated the required rigidity of the nodes. At home, all the problems of emergency situations are rarely solved. The choice starts with the type of material, the dimensions of the blanks.

Take into account the need for cooling the working area, the presence of suction of chips. The clamping force is calculated when the part is placed in the spindle.

Installation Options

Machines with CNC for woodworking have a number of parameters, which should be taken into account when placing in the shop for certain tasks:

• The power of the spindle unit as the most loaded element, as well as its type.
• Dimensions of the table, length of the axes.
• Method of control of the technological process, screens for displaying information in real time.
• Line performance, speed of axes.
• Reliability of nodes.

When clamping the workpiece in the spindle, it is recommended to pay attention to the accuracy of positioning the axis. This criterion is important when applying the pattern to a cylindrical surface.