Where is the Lena River on the map? The Lena River on the map of Russia. Where does the Lena River flow?

The Lena River (on the map of Russia this geographical object stands out prominently on the background of others) is the largest in Eastern Siberia. In addition, it is the tenth in the list of the longest rivers in the world. Where is the Lena River on the map? In what areas does it flow? What are the localities along it? Which of them are the largest? About this and many other things will be discussed later in the article.

General information

The zone where the Lena River is on the map includes several regions of the Russian Federation. In particular, it proceeds along the Irkutsk, Amur, Khabarovsk, Krasnoyarsk and Zabaikalsk regions, as well as in Buryatia and Yakutia. The Lena River, the photo of which can be viewed above, is the largest in the Russian Federation. Its basin lies within this state. Where did the name of the river come from? It is believed that its roots go to the Evenki language, which is part of the Tungus-Manchu group. The discoverer was the explorer Pianda. The mouth of the river Lena, he called "Elune". Subsequently, the name was transformed and assumed a modern form.

Geography

The Lena River on the map of Russia looks large in comparison with other objects. Its length is about 4400 km. The pool has an area of 2490 thousand square meters. Depending on the nature of the current, three sections are distinguished. The first includes the source of the Lena River (on the map it is clearly visible) until the beginning of Vitim. From its end to the place of joining Aldan - the second site. The lower part, the third, is from Aldan to the place where the Lena River flows (this is the Laptev Sea).

Upper Current

The area where the Lena River is on the map includes various geographic objects that are directly related to the water area. In particular, the stream begins from a lake located near Lake Baikal (seven kilometers). It is located at an altitude of 1470 m. In 1997, on August 19, where the river Lena originates, a chapel was erected. The entire upper section, that is, in fact the third part of the flow length lies in the mountainous Baikal region. In the area of Kirensk, the water consumption averages 1100 cubic meters. M / sec.

Average Current

To this part of the river is the stretch between Vitim and Aldan. Its length is about 1415 kilometers. Not far from the confluence of Vitima, Lena passes to the territory of Yakutia. It lies in this area until its very end. By absorbing Vitim, the river Lena (on the map of Russia this site is clearly visible) becomes a powerful high-water flow. The depths on this site increase to 10-12 meters, the channel becomes wider, there are numerous islands. The valley of the river extends to 20-30 kilometers. It is asymmetrical here: the right slope is somewhat higher and steeper. It is represented by the northern border of the Patom Upland. The left one is more flat. On both slopes there is a dense coniferous forest, in some places replaced by a meadow. On the stretch from Olekma to Aldan, the Lena River does not have significant tributaries. Over five hundred kilometers, cutting through the Prilenskoe plateau, the stream passes through a narrow and deep valley, which is embedded in limestone. A little below the city of Pokrovsk the river goes to the flat terrain. As a result, the valley widens sharply, and the flow velocity slows down significantly. It does not exceed 1.3 meters per second (in the majority - 0.5-0.7 m / sec.). In the floodplain, the width, however, reaches 5-7, and in some areas - 15 kilometers, and the entire valley as a whole - 20 km and wider.

Lower Current

A little below Yakutsk two main tributaries flow into the river - Vilyui and Aldan. From this point on, the stream becomes simply gigantic. Even at the site where only one channel is going, the width reaches ten kilometers, and the depth is more than 16-20 meters. On the island part, Lena is bottled up to 20-30 km. There are very few settlements - the coast is almost deserted. The lower reaches are characterized by a narrow basin. From the eastern part, the branches of the Verkhoyansk Range - the watershed of Yana and Lena - come. On the west side there are insignificant elevations from the Central Siberian plateau. They share Olenek and Lena. A little lower with. Bulun flow is compressed by very close to it ridges: from the east - Kharaulakh, from the west - Chekanovsky. Approximately 150 kilometers from the Laptev Sea extends the extensive delta of the Lena River.

Hydrology

Data on water consumption in the mouth of the Lena are quite contradictory according to various sources. Often even in them one can meet inaccuracies. Uncertainty is exacerbated by the fact that the river has an extensive delta and many channels. This area has a pool area, the area of which is 60 thousand square meters. Km. According to various estimates, the water flow per year is in the range from 489 to 542 square meters. Km. This corresponds to the average annual flow at the end of the flow, equal to 15 500-17 175 m3 / second.

As the main feed of this site, as, in fact, most of the tributaries, rain and thawed waters act. The supply of ground resources is hindered by the widespread spread of permafrost within the catchment area. The only exceptions are geothermal sources.

Seasonal changes in water level and flow

The river is characterized by several fairly high floods in the summer, spring high water, and low low water in the autumn-winter period (up to 366 m3 / s). All indicators for water consumption depend on the general mode of precipitation. During the spring flood during June, up to 40% of the drainage occurs, from June to October - 91%. At the mouth, the largest water discharge was observed on an average monthly basis in 1989. Then in June it was 104,000 m3 / second. During the flood at the end of the river, the maximum runoff may exceed 200,000 m3 / s.

Ice Regime

The river is located mostly in the region with severe climatic conditions. The current differs from others with its powerful ice jams and the ice regime as a whole. Winter is extremely cold, with little snow and prolonged. Ice under these conditions is formed thick and strong. In the spring the ice drift is characterized by high power. The congestion of frozen blocks and the flooding of vast territories are quite frequent phenomena for Lena. The spring flood is the earliest (after the end of April) is celebrated in the area of Kirensk - in the upper reaches. Gradually moving north, the stream comes on still frozen in the river. Up to the lower reaches of the spill comes about the middle of June. During this period, water rises above the lowered level by 6-8 meters, and in the lower reaches, the rise can reach 18 m.

Tributaries

The area where the Lena River is on the map includes many water streams. They fall into the river bed. Among the tributaries should be allocated Tea, Big Pat, Kutu, Vitim, Vilyui, Olekma, Aldan, Molodo, Cheju, Kirengu, Lunghu, Biryuk. Among them there are also quite large ones. One such is, for example, Aldan. The average flow in its mouth is 5 060 m3 / s, and the area of the basin is 729,000 sq. M. Km. The four main tributaries - Vitim, Aldan, Olekma and Viluy - are clearly distinguished by their size among others.

Shipping

The Lena River on the map of Russia is surrounded in some places by fairly large objects. Among them there are settlements with a special binding significance. It should be said that the river to this day is the main navigable artery of Yakutsk. This transport line connects the regions of the subject with other territories of federal significance. With the flow of Lena, the bulk of the "northern supply" is being carried out. It is believed that the quay of Kachug - the beginning of navigation. However, only small vessels go from the port of Osetrovo upstream. Slightly lower than Ust-Kut and up to the confluence of Vitim, there are quite a lot of difficult parts of navigation and relatively small areas. To improve the transport network in this place, work is carried out every year, contributing to the deepening of the bottom. Navigation is carried out from 125 to 170 days.

Settlements

It should be said that the area along which the river flows is relatively uninhabited. Here are six cities. The largest is undoubtedly Yakutsk, although its population is a little over 300 thousand people. The city was founded in 1632 year.

The oldest city on the Lena is Kirensk. It was founded in 1630. The distance between settlements as a whole (with the exception of the territory near Yakutsk, where there is relatively high population density) can reach several hundred kilometers. At the same time, there is a deaf taiga on the terrain. Very often you can find abandoned villages and villages. Periodically there are temporary shift camps. Among the historical places should be noted Zhigansk. It was founded in 1632, and from 1783 to 1805 had the status of a county town.

Another historical place is Sottintsy. Here is the Lenin Museum-Reserve of History and Architecture "Friendship". Sottintsy - the place of the original foundation of Yakutsk.

Economic importance

The Lena River is considered to be one of the cleanest in the world. The riverbed here did not change by man. To date, along the river there are no dams, hydroelectric stations and other structures. In places not inhabited by man, you can drink water directly from the stream. Due to the fact that there are not a lot of settlements along the stream, economic activity is not very intensive. The largest ports are cities such as Yakutsk, Lensk, Kirensk, Osetrovo.

Ecology

As evidenced by the results of studies by scientists from different countries (University of Alaska, the National Center for Research of France, the Institute of the RAS), the global warming can negatively affect the state of the flow. The temperature in the edge, where the river flows, falls to about seventy degrees in the winter. At the same time, the permafrost lies a layer of one and a half kilometers. As scientists have established, the temperature of the ambient air over the past forty years has risen by an average of four degrees. And without this, sufficiently strong floods gain strength from year to year. This has a devastating effect on the state of the coast. In addition, there is an active movement of the islands downstream. By 2009, the speed with which they descend has reached twenty-seven meters per year.