What is partial mobilization? Mobilization in Russia. Mobilization in Ukraine

With the word "mobilization" a couple of months ago, the definition of "getting together with the forces to solve some vital problems" was associated. Today, during the military operations in the eastern regions of Ukraine, this word is increasingly perceived as a "call-up to the army." What is the partial mobilization announced in Ukraine? Who will have to remember again how to keep arms and live in barracks? Will they summon eighteen-year-old boys and send them to combat sites? Let's try to understand.

The concept of mobilization of the armed forces of the state

The mobilization of troops, announced in March 2014 by the Provisional Government of Ukraine, alerted not only wives and mothers. Representation of this we have a film on the Second World War, in which all the mobilized sent to the front. It does not matter if you know how to hold a gun or not.

What is mobilization in modern conditions? First of all, it is the conversion of the country's entire economy into a mode of meeting the needs of the military-industrial complex. That is, there is a redistribution of the state budget in favor of spending on the needs of the military. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine voted to change the structure of the state budget of Ukraine and allocated almost seven billion hryvnia for the initial needs of the military. In part, these funds should be used to organize the training of the mobilized.

In addition, a number of industries are beginning to produce goods needed during military operations. And most importantly: the citizens who are liable for military service become "under arms".

Possible options

The law on mobilization distinguishes between two concepts: partial and complete mobilization of the population. Full implies the universal reorientation of all industries to produce goods and services needed during active combat operations. In addition, in such a situation, all military men and women are recruited into the ranks of the armed forces of the country without any exceptions. Those people who are not liable for military service are called upon as necessary. But the entire civilian population ultimately works for the military-industrial complex.

What is partial mobilization? This is a temporary filling of vacancies in the armed forces by conscripts from civilian but liable men. In addition, this is the allocation of additional funds from the state budget for the maintenance of newcomers and primary military needs.

Features of the draft

Partial mobilization is declared by the president of the state (in the case of Ukraine in 2014, when there was no incumbent president in the country , the decree on mobilization was signed by the acting president). It is assumed that this process occurs in four stages.

Who is to be mobilized in the first stage? At the very beginning it was a matter of replenishing the staff of the Ukrainian army with volunteers who applied to military commissariats. When military units after the arrival of fresh forces still remained understaffed, the military commissariats compiled lists of those who were liable for military service, who had previously undergone military training, that is, from conscripts of previous years.

Of course, not everyone calls. The emphasis is on the military specialization of potential conscripts. About what is a partial mobilization, you can judge by the practice of its conduct in Ukraine. Beginning in mid-March 2014, servicemen of such specialties were called into the ranks of the Ukrainian army for 45 days: missilemen, signalmen and infantrymen. The candidates for the former military and those who served in the 1990s were mostly selected.

Next steps

The mobilization of troops in Ukraine can go to the second stage. In May 2014, officers and sergeants of all combat arms under the age of forty-five years old, forty-year-old rank-and-file officers and senior officers who had not crossed the age of sixty were already receiving orders to appear at the gathering sites.

During the third stage, the mobilization of the army assumes the replenishment of units with conscripts and military liable women. They are military doctors and various technical specialists.

In the final stage (in the event of prolonged fighting throughout the country), all the residents of the state, capable of holding weapons or being useful in the rear and on the front lines, are urged to replenish the armed forces.

Age of recruits

The mobilization of troops in Ukraine, announced in March 2014, calls for the recruitment of volunteers and those who are liable for military service, who have not reached the age of 40-45. A forty-year milestone was established for the rank-and-file of all arms, and a forty-five year period for officers and sergeants of a stock of popular specialties.

The leadership of the state separately stressed that the age of the mobilized first wave is thirty to forty years. Eighteen-year-old recruits will not only not be called, but in case of voluntary admission to the service they will not be sent to the most dangerous places. Nevertheless, the decree of the acting president of Ukraine in May 2014 renewed the compulsory appeal of young men to the army.

How to explain to the authorities at work the reason for their long absence

In this situation, heads of all levels of enterprises of all forms of ownership must understand what partial mobilization is. According to the Ukrainian legislation, for his mobilized in the ranks of the armed forces his workplace (position) is undoubtedly fixed, with his wages remaining. Neither the fire, nor even temporarily take on its place a new employee company can not. However, in practice, these norms of law are observed only in state institutions. Commercial structures can not afford to pay such a long absence of an employee. Therefore, in most cases, a new person is taken to the place of the mobilized. Thus, after the announcement of demobilization, many men can remain without work and without means of subsistence. Looking back at the age of mobilization, we can safely say that families called upon to make up the army will find themselves in difficult conditions.

Who is exempt from conscription?

Of course, there is a list of persons not eligible for mobilization:

• Men who raise more than five children.
• Women who raise children up to the age of sixteen.
• The faces of both sexes who care for the sick and infirm, and who have no one to give custody of.
• Those who are liable for military service, whose state of health is considered unfit for military service for a period of six months.
• Those who are liable for military service, who have fallen into the armor of state structures.
• People's deputies of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.

A representative of any of these categories who voluntarily volunteered to join the ranks of the armed forces can be enlisted in the military unit.

Fines and penalties

After explaining what is partial mobilization, it should be noted that for non-compliance with the instructions of the military commissariats, there is a system of punishments. Let's look at details in violations and penalties. Formally, you can only talk about one crime: evasion from mobilization. All other violations related to the unwillingness to serve in the military forces of the state are derivatives of evasion. The Criminal Code of Ukraine spelled out the responsibility for evading mobilization (Article 336): imprisonment for a term of two to five years. Other offenses are punishable by administrative liability and fines. For failure to appear on the summons on mobilization, the fine is 85-119 hryvnia; For deliberate damage (loss, disappearance) of a military ticket or a certificate of accrual - 17-51 UAH; For other violations of the legislation on mobilization - 17-51 hryvnia.

Is it possible to leave

Mobilization in Russia, as well as in Ukraine, implies that all citizens liable for military service will not change their place of residence or evade conscription. True, we are talking only about those who have already received a summons; All the others, as they say, are clean before the law and free to move about as they please.

All selected candidates must appear at the prescribed time to the place of fees, which is also stipulated in the agenda, sent by mail or personally handed over. It should be noted that the order to appear to the place of fees for each mobilized person is sent in writing. None of the phone or other verbal alerts are not talking. It is illegal.

Where are the mobilized

Of course, as soon as we hear the word "mobilization", immediately we see a front line and practically untrained "beginners". There is no such. After the distribution, according to military specialties, all recruits fall into training camps.

Most often they are equipped with military units. It is assumed that during the training sessions the lost skills of communication with weapons will be renewed and familiarization with technical innovations will take place. After the training camp, some of the mobilized do get to the "hot spots". Initially it is assumed that the inexperienced in the military actions of the "former civilians" will be used only in auxiliary works, however, as the situation develops, it is still unclear.

Right or duty

We distinguish between the concepts of right and duty in all spheres: domestic, professional, sociological, political, and so on. The military side of our lives is no exception. Mobilization in Russia, just like in all other states where there is an appropriate legislative framework and prerequisites for developing relations with neighboring states, which determine the possibility of entering the war, provides for the right of citizens to voluntarily replenish the armed forces. At the same time to appear to the place of gathering and be mobilized is the constitutional duty of citizens. As already noted, violation of the law is punishable not only by administrative responsibility, but in a number of cases criminal.

Initially, mobilization is announced for 45 days. At the end of this term, the president's decree on demobilization is signed, or, alternatively, on extending it for another 45 days. In principle, the number of such prolongations is not specified anywhere, so we can safely say that mobilization can be unlimited. In any case, it ceases after the President signs a decree on demobilization.

According to experts, in the mid-90's the strength of the Ukrainian armed forces reached 700 thousand people. Given the age restrictions and demographic processes in the country, it is assumed that due to mobilization it is possible to replenish the army with almost 400 thousand people.

With partial mobilization, a draft can be announced only in certain regions of the country. True, by decree of May 6, 2014, the acting president of Ukraine, it covered the entire country, all 24 regions. Therefore, it remains only to follow the development of events.