What is oil?

Oil as a natural fossil is known to everyone from the school bench. But not everyone knows what it consists of, how it is mined and where it is used. What is oil? It is a mixture of carbon in the liquid state, having a complex structure and saturated with gaseous and other substances. It produces several thousand varieties of various products.

Deposits of crude oil are located deep underground. After extraction, it is distilled, thereby removing unnecessary impurities from it.

Oil is an oily liquid that has flammable properties. It has a specific smell. The color of oil can be different. It depends on its composition, production area and can vary from colorless to black. Traditional for this fossil is a brown color with a slightly greenish tinge.

What is oil, we found out, now we will analyze its composition. The major part of the oil structure is carbon. This is approximately 80-87 percent. From 11 to 15 percent of the oil is hydrogen. In addition, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, cobalt, nickel, aluminum, iron, barium, manganese and some other chemical elements are present in it. Their share in the total mass is insignificant. All elements form compounds of an organic and inorganic nature.

Talking about what is oil, you can not fail to mention its properties. The most important of them, which humanity uses to a greater extent, is the ability to release a large amount of heat during combustion. Oil is one of the main energy sources. The products that are produced from it have the highest calorific value.

Using the property of oil, like any other liquid, to evaporate when boiling, different fractions are isolated from it. Oil has in its composition various components that go to a gaseous state at different temperatures. At 200 degrees hydrocarbons are allocated, related to the gasoline fraction, with 250 - naphtha. At 250-315 degrees, the hydrocarbons of the kerosene-gas oil fraction are allocated, and at 350 - oil carbons. After separation of all major fractions, tar remains.

What is oil, people knew for several thousand years before our era. The ancient Egyptians used it as a medicine and as a building material. In the Middle Ages, kerosene was learned from it.

Initially, people used only that oil that was on the surface. Then, with the invention of the engine, they began to drill wells and lift oil to the surface from the bowels of the earth.

Modern extraction of this fossil is fully automated. Thousands of kilometers of oil pipelines have been laid across the world. As the oil is very dense, it pumps special pumps through the pipes.

There are two theories of the origin of oil. According to the version of biogenic origin, oil is the remains of animals and plant organisms. They have been transformed into the earth's crust into this liquid for many millions of years. Supporters of the abiogenic version suggest the inorganic origin of this fossil.

The composition of oil and its quality depends on the location of the deposit. The oil produced in the Baku region has many cycloparaffins and few terminal carbon. Groznenskoye oil, by contrast, is rich in marginal carbons. Northern oil contains aromatic hydrocarbons in large quantities.

Oil, along with gas, remains the main raw material and source of energy for humanity. Products produced from it are used in all sectors of the national economy. In connection with the active development of deposits and the demand for oil today, its reserves are severely depleted. Therefore, it is necessary to use the extracted resources more rationally, to increase the efficiency of processing this mineral, to look for new deposits and ways of extracting oil from great depths.