What is and how to build a foundation with your own hands columnar

The foundation is that part of the building that takes over the entire load of the structure and transfers it to the ground. The strength of the foundation depends on the stability, strength and durability of the entire house, so it is very important to choose the right type.

One type of foundation is columnar. Its device is useful when it requires a deep laying and other types of foundations, for example, tape or plate, are too expensive option. As a rule, columnar foundations are arranged for light, one or two-story buildings made of wood or brick.

Arrange the foundation with their own hands columnar or some other, although not a simple matter, but it is quite feasible, one should only study the technology of construction well.

The construction of the pillar foundation consists in the erection of separately standing, unconnected pillars, under the main nodes of the structure - at the corners, along the perimeter of the building, the intersection of the walls, under the piers and other points of great concentration of loads. As a rule, building a foundation with their own hands, columnar, the distance between the elements is made at 1.2-3 m. According to the constructed columns, bundle beams are laid, on which, in fact, the masonry begins.

Raising the foundation with your own hand columnar you can use for this purpose the following materials: butobeton, concrete, butte-flagstone, natural stone or brick. The dimensions of the pillars depend on the material of the foundation, the dimensions of the structure and the material from which it will be built.

Starting to build a pillar foundation with your own hands, you should know the exact dimensions of the building and its internal layout, that is, the location of the bearing walls and partitions. First of all, you need to make markings on the site, for this purpose, the length of the walls is measured by roulette, pegs are hammered in the center of the supposed pillars, necessarily adjusting the diagonals to avoid skewing and to ensure to all corners a value of 90 °.

Further, building a pillar foundation with your own hands, you need to work as hard as necessary to dig a small pit under each pillar. Its depth depends on the depth of soil freezing in the region. For example, if this value is 1 m, then the depth of the pit should be 1.2 m, the width of its sides depends on the cross section of the column. In each dug well, it is necessary to clean the walls, lay them on the sides with a waterproofing layer, for this you can use a common roofing material, and pour a small sand cushion on the bottom, which is recommended to be well tamped. In the center of the future pillar, several bars of reinforcement are installed, which should protrude above the surface of the earth to the expected height of the element.

The next stage is the pouring of the prepared groove with concrete to the level of the soil, then, around each column, you should arrange the formwork. It can be wooden or metal, demountable or monolithic. Concrete should be taken high mark, and if you independently prepare the concrete mixture, you need to make sure that the cement has a mark of at least 400. If desired, the foundation with their own hands columnar can be erected from burnt bricks in cement mortar, with mandatory dressing of the joints.

The main thing in the construction of this type of foundation, you must adhere to the iron rule: the height of all columns should be horizontally verified, for this you can use the water level and control not only on adjacent columns, but also on diagonals.

It is possible, as a fixed formwork, to use an asbestos-cement pipe. In this case, it is placed on the bottom of the notch, carefully verified vertically and the entire length of the column is filled with concrete, it is well rammed.

Ready poles should be left to fully solidify the concrete for at least a month, covering the precipitation.

Before the construction starts, the column foundation should be calculated. It is unlikely to be done on its own because this procedure is rather laborious and requires some special knowledge, in general it consists of such stages: determination of the nature of the soils and according to special tables the determination of the maximum permissible load, then the weight of all house designs and the determination of the maximum Points of loading. Then, the largest weight value is divided by the allowable load and, as a result, the value of the foundation support area is obtained. Usually, for reinsurance, another 40% of the value is added to it. But this is a simplified scheme, since making the calculation of the columnar foundation takes into account the brand of concrete, the amount of reinforcement and some other necessary parameters. In any case, do not deal with the calculation of the foundation yourself, because it is the most responsible part of the structure and the error in its calculations can be too expensive.