What does the surgeon treat, and what is his competence?

What does the surgeon cure? This is a doctor who is trained in the diagnosis and treatment of injuries and other diseases requiring invasive intervention. Practically every medical direction has its own therapeutic and surgical branch. For example, a cardiologist / pulmonologist is a thoracic surgeon, a gastroenterologist is an abdominal surgeon, etc. But not all ordinary people can imagine what each of them is doing.

Thoracic Surgery

The first on our list is a thoracic surgeon. What does this specialist treat? Based on the name, he deals with the elimination of diseases of the chest. He is in charge of the heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, thymus, thyroid and parathyroid glands, as well as the pleura and the contents of the mediastinum. In addition, sometimes in its competence fall breast pathologies, although more often these diseases are still engaged in oncologists.

Of course, there are more narrow specialists operating in the same field as the thoracic surgeon. What heals, for example, a cardiac surgeon or a mammal surgeon, is clear to everyone. But they can not cover all the diseases that occur on the medical path, so universal practices are needed.

Abdominal surgery

Number two is the abdominal surgeon. What does the doctor of this direction treat? All diseases that somehow affect the abdominal cavity. These can be traumas, penetrating and non-penetrating injuries, inflammation, ruptures, bleeding, perforation, peritonitis and sepsis. Torsion and diverticulum of the intestine, acute appendicitis, adhesive or other intestinal obstruction, ectopic pregnancy and many other pathologies, whose names to people far from medicine, even scary.

Modern surgery is aimed at minimizing the consequences of the pathological process and subsequent treatment, new ways of access to organs and technique of suturing are being developed. This helps to avoid cosmetic defects, as well as to limit the doctor's contact with the internal environment of the body and, as a consequence, to prevent the appearance of adhesions.

Vascular surgeon: who is this and what heals?

All the organs of our body receive nutrients and oxygen thanks to a branched network of blood vessels. But quite often this system gives failures, and then the person is diagnosed with a heart attack, stroke, thromboembolism, varicose veins or necrosis of the organ. In such a situation, a vascular surgeon can help a person. Who is this and what heals? This is a narrow specialist who is engaged in the surgical treatment of vascular diseases.

They do not have a separate part of the body, since arteries, veins and capillaries are present literally everywhere. Therefore, it is often necessary to see how vascular and thoracic surgeons work in one operating room. Do not disdain them, and traumatologists, and specialists in abdominal surgery, and many others. In addition, their competence includes such diagnostic manipulations as coronary angiography, angio- and phlebography.

Maxillofacial surgeon: what heals?

Dentists also have their own specialist surgical profile. Of course, such a doctor deals not only with teeth and jaws. He can come to the aid of ophthalmologists, neurosurgeons and traumatologists.

What does the maxillofacial surgeon do that heals? He is responsible for inflammatory diseases of organs, tissues and bones of the face and neck, trauma in this area, oncological processes, congenital and acquired defects. Often doctors of this specialty work with plastic surgeons.

Neurosurgery

What does the surgeon treat this direction? He deals with pathologies of the most complicated, but at the same time interesting system - nervous. It includes the spinal cord and the brain, as well as all peripheral nerve endings.

As a separate specialty, this discipline appeared only at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, but the ancient Incas were also engaged in trephination, and the Egyptians, with the mummification of their rulers, used uncanny access to extract the brain. Modern neurosurgery is, of course, more refined. Doctors have learned to sew nerves, remove parts of the brain without visible effects, restore mobility after paralysis and extract tumors from virtually any localization.

Science does not stand still in this field. Surgeons try to find new solutions to the problem of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, as well as to stimulate the division of nerve cells.

Surgery in otorhinolaryngology

What treats the surgeon-otorhinolaryngologist? What can not be cured by a therapist of the same specialty. As a rule, these are pathologies of the external and middle ear, nose, throat and larynx. In his charge are all sorts of background and obligate precancerous conditions, the removal of tonsils and tonsils, the elimination of the cause of violation of the patency of the airways, the extraction of foreign bodies.

Often it happens that the doctor combines the therapeutic and surgical direction in this specialty. This helps to improve the quality of aid and accelerate it. You can meet them both in the polyclinic and in the hospital of multidisciplinary hospitals that provide highly qualified care.

Plastic surgery

Many people are unhappy with the appearance that nature has given them. They just strive to change it or radically change it. And it also happens that cosmetic defects appear after illness or too traumatic treatment. In such situations, plastic surgeons come to the rescue. What does the surgeon treat this specialty?

As a rule, he creates, not heals. Thanks to his skill, people appear in desired shapes, lips and breasts grow, extra pounds and wrinkles disappear. If you want, you can even change the face shape, nose shape, skin color, even sex. But first of all the task of this surgeon is to understand the reasons that prompted the person to decide on the operation and convince him that he is already beautiful.

Traumatology

Why else would the surgeon fit? What traumatologist treats? The answer to this question is quite obvious - bone damage. All our lives we are injured. Some of them heal independently and do not require our attention, but sometimes we still have to seek medical help.

In hospitals there are special departments - trauma centers, where people with disabilities come or visit. There they are met by a doctor who, after a thorough examination and radiography, finds out whether there is bone damage or not. And then the person is waiting for either a happy return home, or putting a plaster in the manipulation room. In severe cases, the patient is transported to the operating room and there they are fastened with metal screws, knitting needles or staples. Such measures are necessary to make the bones right.

Traumatologists closely cooperate with surgeons of other specialties, such as orthopedists, neurosurgeons, maxillofacial surgeons, sports and military doctors.

Surgery in a polyclinic

What the surgeon treats in the clinic, because there is no amazing equipment, no brigade assistants of different suits, or even a place for operations. First of all, in the clinic, the surgeon sorts patients into those who can be helped at home or in the dispensary, and those who need to go to the hospital for further treatment.

To do this, he conducts a thorough survey and examination of a person who turned to him for help, appoints laboratory and instrumental examinations. And only after careful analysis of the information received, the doctor decides on further treatment.

In addition, in his charge remain patients who are cured after discharge from the department. They should not be overlooked, since many require long-term dressings and consultations.

The second task of the surgeon in the clinic is the treatment of patients. It can be either operational or non-operational. If necessary, the doctor can perform small surgeries, such as opening furuncles and carbuncles, performing primary surgical processing of cut and bitten wounds, removing splinters and much more.