What does the incompatibility of partners mean? How to establish incompatibility of partners at conception?

Incompatibility partners in about 30% of cases is the cause of infertility couples who want to have a child. And today, many are interested in questions about why this problem arises and whether there are effective methods for its treatment. After all, thousands of people suffer from infertility, and each year their number increases.

Incompatibility of partners: what is it?

About infertility is worth considering if, during the year, a couple who has regular sexual intercourse without contraceptives, could not have a child. It's not a secret for anyone that quite often the cause is some kind of inflammatory or infectious disease of one of the partners or anatomical features of the organism.

But sometimes conception does not occur in a couple where both partners are perfectly healthy. In such cases, doctors, as a rule, put a not so comforting diagnosis - the incompatibility of partners. This means that, despite the normal functioning of the body, there is some factor that interferes with the fertilization process. A similar problem can arise under the influence of different factors. In most cases, incompatibility is amenable to correction, but occasionally such a diagnosis can be final.

Incompatibility by blood group: how dangerous is this?

In some cases, the cause of infertility is the incompatibility of partners in the blood group. And here the great importance is not the group itself, but the Rh factor. Immediately it is worth noting that the Rh factor is a protein compound that is located on the surface of the erythrocyte membrane. If an antigen is present in a person, the Rh factor is positive (Rh +), if it is absent, then the negative (Rh-).

Of course, ideally the Rh factor of blood in both spouses should be the same. But this does not always happen. According to statistics, 85% of the world's women have a positive Rh factor - they are out of danger. But if a partner has no blood in the blood, then it is worthwhile to be more careful about health.

What is Rhesus Conflict?

Rh-conflict occurs if the mother is Rh-negative and the fetus is positive. This is possible when the antigen is present in the child's blood. Thus, the immune system of the mother begins to produce antibodies to the "foreign" protein.

Such incompatibility of partners at conception does not mean at all that pregnancy is impossible. But the risk of interruption is much higher. According to statistics, the first pregnancy is considered relatively safe, but the second can lead to serious consequences for both the fetus and the mother.

Fortunately, this condition can be controlled with the help of special therapy. In particular, every month you need to conduct special tests for the level of antibodies in your mother's blood . And just three days before the birth, a woman is given a special drug (antiresusive immunoglobulin), which prevents the formation of antibodies. After all, labor involves the transfer of fetal blood into the mother's body, which can increase the activity of the immune system and lead to complications.

Incompatibility of the microflora of partners

It is not a secret for anyone that the human sexual system has its own microflora, which is represented by useful bacteria. But in the mucous membrane of the genitourinary organs, opportunistic microorganisms also live conditionally. For their carrier, these microbes are not dangerous, since their quantity is strictly controlled by the immune system. But what is safe for one partner, for another can be a threat.

This is the incompatibility of the microflora of partners. Symptoms of it, as a rule, are visible - after every sexual contact without the use of condoms in the muzhin or woman, there are itching and burning in the area of the external genitalia, and sometimes uncharacteristic discharge. Quite often thrush develops.

It should be noted that such incompatibility only occasionally (in 2-3%) becomes the cause of infertility.

What to do if the microflora is incompatible?

Despite the fact that the microflora only in some cases affects the reproductive function of the body, such incompatibility brings a lot of troubles to the life of the couple. And this problem should not be neglected - it is better to see a doctor right away. After repeated candidiasis can lead to more serious diseases.

Many patients ask about whether the partner compatibility test is being conducted. You can go through it in any clinic - this is a normal smear from the vagina or urethra followed by bacteriological culture. This technique allows you to determine the type of pathogen and assess its sensitivity to these or other drugs. As a rule, in order to get rid of such trouble, only a course of taking suitable antibacterial agents is required. Therapy should be both partners. After this, it is necessary to re-take the tests.

Immunological incompatibility and its consequences

It is quite difficult to infertility, which is associated with the immunological features of the body. What is this incompatibility of partners? In such cases, for one reason or another, the female immune system begins to produce specific anti- sperm antibodies, which have a disastrous effect on male spermatozoa. Thus, even perfectly healthy people may have difficulty with fertilization.

Moreover, sometimes the male body produces antibodies to its own germ cells. In any case, the spermatozoa die, and without fertilizing the egg.

Of course, even with this problem, women sometimes get pregnant. But most often the pregnancy proceeds unfavorably - the immune cells damage the fetus even in the early stages of development. There is a high probability of severe toxicosis, spontaneous termination of pregnancy, as well as a delay in the development of the fetus. In any case, during conception planning, testing for the presence of antisperm antibodies is recommended to all couples who want to have a baby.

The causes of immunological incompatibility

Unfortunately, the reasons for the development of immunological incompatibility are not yet fully understood. After all, if in some women such an "allergic reaction" develops on contact with the sperm of any man, then in other women, the activity of the immune system increases only when the sperm enters the body of a particular man.

In some cases, such activity of the immune system may be associated with a woman's mental state, for example her fear of pregnancy or a hidden reluctance to have a child. Some studies have shown that even pheromones can influence the production of such antibodies. In some cases, infertility is associated with hormonal failures or some diseases. In any situation, special testing and additional research will be necessary.

How can I pass the compatibility test?

In fact, there are many studies to determine the compatibility of the pair. For example, when suspected of immunological causes of infertility, the following compatibility test is performed for conception. In particular, to evaluate the reaction of the body to spermatozoa, you need to go to the doctor six hours after the last sexual intercourse (but not later than 12 hours). Experts conduct a fence of mucus from the cervix, after which they study it under a microscope.

Thus, it is possible to estimate the number of live and dead spermatozoa, and also to study their mobility. In this case, the pH of the vaginal medium, the degree of crystallization and the consistency of the mucus are also measured.

Sometimes couples recommend a test for genetic compatibility. After all, some partners, even if they are completely healthy, can be carriers of potentially dangerous genes. This study allows you to determine the possible genetic diseases of the future baby, as well as the degree of risk of their development.