Gastric biopsy: indications, procedure, where to do

Every day, people with different problems address to gastroenterologists. The main task of the doctor is to put the correct diagnosis in order not to miss the time and give the patient a chance to recover. Often as a diagnostic study, a biopsy of the stomach is prescribed, since this is the most reliable analysis with suspicions of an oncological process. So what is a biopsy and how is this study conducted?

Biopsy: a description of the method

The term "biopsy" came into medicine from the Greek language. It is formed from two words: "life" and "appearance." The method is based on the fact that the patient takes a tiny piece of tissue and carefully examines its cellular composition at high magnification. The biopsy differs according to the method of sampling and the accuracy class. In some cases, the material may be needed for histological examination. This means that the structure of the tissues of the sample taken will be subjected to study. In others - for cytological analysis. This means that the structure, multiplication and state of the cells of the sample taken will be studied.

When they say about the accuracy class of the procedure, they mean three types of manipulation:

1. Classical biopsy, which has a second name - search engine. This procedure is performed in the early stages of the disease, when the location of the tumor can not be detected visually.
2. Open biopsy, when the material for examination is taken during surgery. It can be a whole or a part of it.
3. A sighting biopsy that can be performed when a tumor is detected, when the doctor can take the material directly from the tumor on the border with a healthy tissue. Aimed biopsy is performed using an endoscope, under the supervision of ultrasound, under X-ray control or stereotaxic method.

Gastro biopsy of the stomach

A biopsy of the stomach can be prescribed to the patient with many complaints. The purpose of manipulation is to obtain a fragment of the gastric mucosa for analysis. Examination of the obtained sample with an accuracy of more than 95% confirms the change in tissues and allows you to determine whether a tumor has a benign or malignant character.

A biopsy of the gastric mucosa can be performed using a probe without visual control or with the help of a gastroscope. This is a special device that allows you to visually control the capture of a sample. The more complicated name of this medical procedure is EGDS, that is, esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

Description of the gastroscope

Gastroscope provides an opportunity to examine the walls of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. This medical diagnostic equipment has the form of a flexible tube of considerable length, in which a light source is placed, an optical system and the actual instrument for taking a piece of tissue. As a tool, forceps, a medical knife, a loop or a retracting electromagnetic device can be used. The use of such equipment makes it possible to obtain a sample from a certain part of the organ.

Gastroscopy is constantly being improved. The equipment becomes more precise and manageable. The modern method has a certain name - endoscopic biopsy.

Indications for the appointment of a biopsy of the stomach

A biopsy can be administered in the following cases:

• Studies are assigned to identify oncology or precancerous conditions;
• Analysis may be necessary for acute or chronic gastritis;
• To clarify the ulcerative process and exclude suspicions of oncology;
• With damage to the gastric mucosa to determine the volume of resection of the organ;
• A biopsy of the stomach makes it possible to detect the presence or absence of Helicobacter pylori in a digestive disorder;
• The study allows assessing the patient's condition after surgery or radiation therapy.

However, despite the high efficiency, this method of diagnosis can not be applied to all patients.

Contraindications

When diagnosing any diseases, the doctor must ensure that he does not harm the patient and do not put his life at risk. Proceeding from this principle, at appointment of any procedure all possible contraindications are considered. In the case of a biopsy of the stomach, this is:

• State of shock;
• Heart disease and vascular system;
• Inflammatory or other pathological processes in the pharynx, larynx or in the airways;
• Diathesis (hemorrhagic form);
• Infectious diseases in acute stage;
• Narrowing of the esophagus;
• Presence of perforations of the walls of the stomach;
• Stomach burn with chemicals;
• psychical deviations
• Allergic reactions to pain medications (lidocaine and others).

In addition to obvious contraindications, the doctor must take into account the patient's psychological preparation for the procedure. If there is a pronounced fear, then research is better not to conduct.

How to prepare for a biopsy

If a biopsy of the stomach is prescribed, the patient should receive a referral to the hospital. Technically, the procedure in a polyclinic is possible, but not appropriate, since in the case of complications, it will be more difficult to help the patient.

Before carrying out the manipulation, medical personnel must be convinced of the absence of contraindications. After this, the patient is assigned an x-ray of the stomach.

The patient requires strict abstinence from eating and drinking for 12-15 hours before the procedure. A stomach biopsy is performed only on an empty stomach, since the food masses interfere with the internal examination of the gastric mucosa, and with the insertion of a gastroscopic tube, a gag reflex can be provoked. Abstinence should be so strict that on the day before the procedure, patients are not allowed even to brush their teeth and use chewing gum.

Procedure Procedure

So, the patient has a biopsy of the stomach. How is this procedure done? If the patient is aggravated and can not calm down himself, he is offered to inject a sedative. The person should lie on his left side and straighten up. The doctor treats the oral cavity and the upper part of the esophagus with an antiseptic and begins to inject the endoscope. In modern medical centers, a biopsy of the stomach is performed with the help of advanced medical equipment, which means that the tube is thin, and the camera and device for taking a sample of minimum size. The ingestion of this equipment does not cause any discomfort. During the procedure, the specialist observes by means of a monitor.

Transcription of the biopsy of the stomach

The interpretation of the results depends on the laboratory that conducted the analysis, because the research cents apply different methods of obtaining information. The deadline for receiving a reply is three days.

All results are conditionally divided into several groups:

1. Incomplete analysis. The amount of material is not sufficient to obtain a reliable result, the procedure must be repeated.
2. Normal analysis. The material is not abnormal, the diagnosis is not confirmed.
3. Benign result. The presence of the neoplasm is confirmed, its character is benign. It is necessary to control and repeat the analysis after a certain time.
4. Malignant result. Neoplasm consists of cancer cells, its size is determined, localization is specified, degree is established.

The transcript can contain information on the form of the disease, describe the state of the cells and tissues of the organ, establish the dimensions of the villi of the epithelium, and the depth of the crypts.

Location of the procedure

Today the patient has the right to choose. He can pick up a medical center, which gives him maximum confidence. Residents of Russia, for example, can turn to the modern medical holding "SM-Clinic". This is the largest network of medical centers, including 12 multi-disciplinary institutions for adults and children.

When applying to a medical center a person should be confident in the qualifications of his staff. In addition, an important factor for making a decision is the availability of modern medical equipment. Medical Center "SM-Clinic" is able to meet the requirements of the most demanding clients. Turning to the gastroenterologist, you can be sure that a biopsy of the stomach will be performed by a qualified specialist using the latest developments in the field of gastroscopy.