What are the types of text? How to determine the type of text?

This article is devoted to what types of text are.

Text is not a simple set of words. This is a certain number of proposals related stylistically and in meaning, revealing one topic and having a common integrity and its structure. The main idea should be traced in the text, which in the final part should be brought to its logical conclusion. The text is of two types - oral (pronounced utterance aloud) and written (written utterance on paper or electronic medium). By volume, it can consist of at least two proposals. In order to answer the question about what types of text are, it is necessary to disclose several common themes. Let's get started!

Components of the text

One of the main components is the idea, which the author reveals in his creation, showing his attitude to the described subject. The idea can be reflected either in the title itself, or in one of the semantic sentences of the text. The idea is, in its own way, the very main idea for which the author created the text.

The most important is the topic. Without the expression of a specific topic, the integrity and significance of the entire text will be lost. As a result, we get an ordinary set of words and sentences that do not have a common meaning. The topic of the text is the main and single subject of discussion. It reflects the general content and plays the role of the semantic kernel. The value and importance of the finished text depends on how specifically the topic will be highlighted.

The main theme in the big text can fall into a number of sub-topics. They, in turn, are divided into paragraphs (micro-topics), which often act as context. Context is part of the text that is necessary to understand the meaning of the phrase entering it. In addition to explicit meaning, there can be a hidden idea in the text, called subtext.

What is the composition?

Each text has a certain internal structure, or composition. Basically, the set of proposals consists of three parts, interconnected, namely, from the introduction, the main part and the conclusion. In the part of "Introduction" the main idea is voiced, the theme and problems are opened, which in the future will be solved. Already, starting from this part of this article, you can answer, what are the types of text. But, perhaps, we will not hurry. The main part, which is the main part, contains the very development of ideas and ideas of the text. Here, the main theme and thought are revealed, all the problems voiced in the introduction are solved. The conclusion offers a logical conclusion to the main idea. This part summarizes and draws conclusions. And when to the finished work you can pick up a title that reflects all of its content, the text can be considered complete.

Structural parts

The text itself represents separate parts that are logically related to each other. These parts are called units of text. The smallest unit is the sentence, which is considered the main structural element.

Groups of sentences are formed in such an element as fragments, they, in turn, are added to the paragraphs with the completed meaning. Larger structural elements - paragraphs, chapters and other sections - are highlighted graphically. All units of text carry a text-forming function. A chain or parallel interphase connection helps to maintain structural and semantic unity, which is realized in the form of repetition and enumeration, comparison and opposition, explanations and explanations, and so on. Therefore, the text has a certain structure, consisting of interrelated parts.

Quite close we got to the answer to the question, what types of texts are there.

What styles can there be?

The style of speech distinguishes between colloquial and bookish, the last of which is divided into: scientific style (educational literature), journalistic style (mass media, television), as well as official and business style (various types of documents) and artistic style (works of art). A distinctive feature of artistic stylistics is the ability to combine all of the above styles.

What types can there be?

With the help of the type of speech chosen by the author to present his thoughts, the main goal for which this text was created was decided. Functional-semantic types of texts are divided into narrative, description and reasoning.

The type of "narrative" is a story about the interrelated events presented in time sequence.

In the type of "description" there is a consistent characteristic and the image of any objects, events, people or phenomena.

The type of "reasoning" is considered the study and study of certain subjects, and the identification of their relationship. Here are some types of texts.

Characteristic type of "narrative"

The distinguishing feature of the most common type, first of all, is the development of events in a certain time. Secondly, each text-narrative has a structure in the form of an outset of events, their development and denouement. Thirdly, the narrative is conducted either from a third party or from the first. In the main, the narrative uses verbs of the past tense (perfect species). Recall that about what types of text are, it is written a little higher, and in these paragraphs we dwell on each of them in more detail.

Characteristic of the "description" type

A characteristic feature of this type is the consistent characterization and disclosure of the characteristics of a particular person, object or event. Here are listed basically the properties and features characteristic of the described object. The description uses constructions complicated by homogeneous definitions and additions. Metaphors, comparisons, and epithets are also used. The main task of the text-description is the creation of an objective opinion and idea about the subject.

Characteristics of the "reasoning" type

The reasoning has its own specific scheme and logical structure. First, the main idea is expressed, a hypothesis or thesis is formed. Then, to prove or deny it, evidence and arguments are given. As a result, the end of the text contains logical conclusions.

How to determine the type

Consider how to determine the type of text. First, you need to carefully read it, understand its main purpose and the main theme, formulate the meaning of the content. Look at the questions the text answers. If this is a question what? Where? Or when? - before you narrative, since its main purpose is to tell about the subject in time. If the text answers the question which one? - this will be a description, since its main task is to describe the subject. If the question arises why? as? Or for what? - then this reasoning, since in it reasoning proves the point of view on the problem of the subject. How to determine the type of text, understanding the main purpose of the content and focusing on the main tasks and signs of the texts? Without difficulty! And, of course, pay attention to the main distinctive features of the types of texts.

So, a few sentences related to each other are text. And their types are divided into description, narrative and reasoning and have boundaries between themselves rather arbitrarily. What does this mean? Very often, for example, in the text there is a narrative with elements of description and (or) reasoning. This can be traced in such works as: "Monday begins on Saturday", "Anna Karenina", "Crime and Punishment", "Transformation". That is, one work (especially artistic) in most cases can contain all the semantic types of texts.