What are the exact rhymes? Historical digression

Accurate rhyme is a coincidence of the quality and quantity of post-vowel and consonant sounds. The more matching sounds, the higher the accuracy. For example, such exact variants as "bowl-low", "street-chicken", "run-breathe", etc. are accurate. Rhyme is considered sufficient if there is a coincidence of two or more sounds. The coincidence of one vowel sound is not sufficient. So, the couple "she is the soul" is not a rhyme, and "she is the moon" is.

An inaccurate rhyme occurs when one (sometimes two) sounds coincide. It is characterized by differences in sounding consonants, which are in unstressed syllables in the endings of lines. Inaccurate rhymes in the poem can be much more than accurate. This is not a drawback of the composition - rather, on the contrary, because inaccurate rhymes greatly adorn the syllable, make it more diverse: "on the roof - I hear", "evening - shoulders", etc.

Phonetic and graphical accuracy

Phonetically accurate rhyme implies a coincidence with the vowel sound of the sound and to the end of the verse.

Graphically accurate rhyme is considered when, in addition to the sounds, there is a coincidence of letters.

For example, the rhyme "breeze - rice" is only phonetically accurate, while the rhyme "breeze - prize" or "breeze - caprice" is accurate in both senses.

Rich rhyme

This form takes place in the event that there is a coincidence of a pre-speech (reference) consonant sound. Men's rhymes are considered rich (emphasis on the last syllable): "water - mica", "you are the Neva"; In contrast to women's (emphasis on the penultimate syllable): "water is freedom", "word is again".

Accurate rhymes in the poetry of Russian classicism

Russian literary classicism was developed in the XVIII-nach. XIX centuries. And was distinguished by high themes, strict style and the creation of certain ideal images. The bright representatives of this direction were GR Derzhavin, AP Sumarokov, MV Lomonosov and DI Fonvizin. What are the exact rhymes in the classic poetic tradition? From the poetry of AD Kantemir and to the early works of Derzhavin (18th century), Russian poetry was distinguished by graphically accurate rhymes:

"As in the present time will not be

The priests and the heroes; That people are taking action

Bradority and all the Busurman's temper,

Do not go to the old fathers of tradition "

(AD Kantemir "On the state of this light, To the sun").

Some liberties were sometimes allowed, but more as an exception. However, the late Derzhavin (early XIX century) violates the tradition of rhyming the period of classicism:

"God! Give to thy king thy court

And the Tsar's son is right,

Yes people will be served

And protection and reward.

(GR Derzhavin "Introduction of Solomon in the Trial", 1979).

Another example:

"With this simus the abysses trembled,

Through the abyss are underground

From the fire of one's rest "

(G. Derzhavin "The Purpose of Saul", 1809).

What are the exact rhymes in this example? We see the predominance of phonetically accurate rhyme over the graphic, while there is also a lack of rhyme: "the abyss are underground" and "the truth is reward." Derzhavin appears a certain innovator of the poetic syllable, deviating from the classical understanding of rhyme. At the same time the poet's syllable differs in its peculiar cumbersomeness, nevertheless it becomes deeper and more original than Derzhavin's predecessors.

Poetic traditions of the XIX century

Russian poetry of the XIX century does not support Derzhavin's liberties and continues to adhere to the traditions of classicism, clearly defining what exactly rhymes are. Nevertheless, at the beginning of the century VA Zhukovsky and AS Pushkin allowed a certain poetic freedom - some minor deviations from the exact terminal consonances. For example, due to truncation of the final sound "d": "Eugene - the shadow", "tribute - applause"; By rhyming the final sounds of "rx": "friend - spirit," and others.

The second half of the XIX century differs less rigor to the accuracy of rhyme. For example, consonances of the sounds "y" and "s" are allowed: "I will be bad", "halls - scarlet" (NA Nekrasov, AA Fet); The consonance of homogeneous sonorous and deaf sounds: "blunder - caution" (NA Nekrasov), etc.

Poetry of the twentieth century

At the beginning of the twentieth century a new trend in poetry arose-the rhyme of various parts of speech. Also, there is a change in the meter of versification during the individual short verse fragments. In turn, inaccurate rhyme becomes more and more popular: "rays - tame" (AA Akhmatova), "the wind is on light" (AA Blok). What are the exact rhymes for the poetry of the Silver Age? During this period, numerous new forms of rhyme - diverse, dissimilar and dissonant, are born.

Despite the fact that these innovations, on the one hand, greatly enriched Russian poetic thought, on the other hand, it could lead to serious literary chaos. As an organizing compensation, a rich, accurate rhyme came to a word (in the spirit of the traditions of Sumarokov's poetic school), the revival of which took place in the twentieth century.

In modern versification, any rhyme - exact and inaccurate equally - may be appropriate for a particular poetic work. There is no single-valued evaluation of the preference for one of these forms in poetry.