VA Dzhanibekov, astronaut: biography, nationality, photos, paintings, Dzhanibekov effect

20th century - the era of space records. And this is not surprising, since at the dawn of the era of the conquest of extraterrestrial space, many things were done for the first time, and what seems ordinary today was considered to be an extraordinary one. This does not diminish the merits of those who step by step paved the way for those who in the future will have to fly to other worlds. Among them is Dzhanibekov Vladimir Aleksandrovich, an astronaut who became the 86th Earthman who overcame the Earth's gravity. At the same time he headed the first expedition with a visit to the orbital station. In addition, Dzhanibekov is the only one who has been in space five times in a row as a commander of the ship. He also became the first and last citizen of the USSR, who was awarded the rank of first class cosmonaut. Of interest is the effect opened by Dzhanibekov, which at one time gave food to those who like to make apocalyptic predictions.

Dzhanibekov (cosmonaut): biography before participating in the ASTP program

The future conqueror of the cosmos, the scientist and artist VA Dzhanibekov, the nee Krysin, was born on May 13, 1942 in the village of Iskander of the Kazakh SSR (now part of the Republic of Uzbekistan). He studied at schools number 107, 50 and 44 of the city of Tashkent. Then he entered the local Suvorov School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which he did not graduate due to his disbandment. During his studies he showed excellent abilities in physics and mathematics.

Although the young man dreamed of an officer career, he did not go through the competition in a military high school. In order not to waste time, Vladimir Krysin became a student of the Physics Department of Leningrad State University. However, a year later he passed the examinations for admission to the Yeisk Higher Military Aviation School and became his cadet.

While studying at this university, he mastered the piloting of such aircraft as MiG-17, Yak-18 and Su-7B.

Work in the cosmonaut detachment

In 1965 Dzhanibekov (cosmonaut later) graduated from the flying school and joined the Air Force of the USSR. He was the senior pilot-instructor of the 963 training aviation regiment. Prepared for the release of more than two dozen pilots of the fighter-bomber aviation of the Air Force of the USSR and India.

Five years later, Dzhanibekov (he was only dreaming of becoming an astronaut) was accepted into the cosmonaut corps and prepared for flights to Salyut and Soyuz spacecraft.

Later, in April 1974, he was enrolled in the staff of the Third Division of the First Administration's ESA program.

Flying into space orbit

In total Vladimir Dzhanibekov took part in 5 space expeditions. His first flight, he committed in January 1978 in with O. Makarov. At the Salyut-6 orbital station, they worked with the main crew, which included G. Grechko and J. Romanenko. The duration of stay in space was almost 6 days.

The second flight Dzhanibekov committed in March 1981 as commander of the crew of the Soyuz-39 spacecraft, which included citizen of Mongolia J. Gurragchey.

The third time the cosmonaut went on an expedition together with A. Ivanchenkov and the Frenchman Jean-Loup Chretien. During this flight a freelance situation arose on board the ship. Due to a failure in the automation circuit, Dzhanibekov docked with the space station in a manual mode. On the OS "Salyut-7" the crew he headed worked together with A. Berezov and V. Lebedev.

Vladimir Dzhanibekov executed the space flight from July 17 to 29, 1984 together with S. Savitskaya and I. Volk. In orbit, the crew he headed worked with L. Kizim, V. Soloviev and O. Atkov.

During this expedition the astronaut made an exit into open space together with S. Savitskaya, which lasted about three and a half hours.

In the fifth and last of his space flight, Vladimir Dzhanibekov left in 1985. The peculiarity of this expedition was the docking with the unworkable, uncontrolled orbital station "Salyut-7", which was repaired, which allowed to continue its operation for several more years.

Flight engineer V. Savinykh and commander of the ship Dzhanibekov (cosmonaut) were awarded for the brilliant performance of the tasks of this complex and in many ways unique flight.

The Dzhanibekov effect

In one of his interviews, Georgy Grechko spoke very warmly of Vladimir Aleksandrovich, noting that he was engaged in deep research in the field of physics. In particular, he owns the palm of primacy in the discovery of the effect of Dzhanibekov, which he made during the 5th space flight in 1985.

It consists in the strange behavior of a rotating body flying in weightlessness. Like many other scientific discoveries, it was discovered quite by accident, when Dzhanibekov (astronaut) twisted "lamb" - special nuts with ears, which fixed the cargo arriving in orbit.

He noticed that it was only to strike the protruding part of these fasteners, as they begin to unwind unaided and, having jumped off the threaded rod, spinning, they flew by inertia in zero gravity. However, the most interesting is yet to come! It turns out that after flying about 40 cm with ears forward, the nuts make an unexpected turn by 180 degrees and continue the flight in the same direction. But this time their protrusions are directed backwards, and the rotation occurs in the opposite direction. Then, flying about another 40 cm, the nut again makes a roll (full turn) and continues to move the ears forward and so on. Vladimir Dzhanibekov repeatedly repeated the experiment, including with other subjects, and received the same result.

"The Spearhead Apocalypse"

After the discovery of the Dzhanibekov effect, dozens of explanations for this unexpected behavior of the nut in the state of weightlessness appeared. Some pseudo-scientists made even apocalyptic predictions. In particular, they said that our planet can be considered as a rotating ball flying in weightlessness, so we can assume that the Earth periodically makes somersaults, like "dzhanibekov's nuts". Even the period of time was called when the earth's axis is twisted: 12,000 years. There were also those who thought that the last time our planet had made a somersault during the Ice Age, and that another such coup would soon take place that would cause serious natural disasters.

Explanation

Fortunately, soon the secret effect, which was discovered by Vladimir Dzhanibekov (astronaut), was uncovered. For its correct explanation, it should be taken into account that the speed of rotation of the "space nut" is small, therefore, unlike a rapidly rotating gyroscope, it is in an unstable state. At the same time, the "lamb", in addition to the main axis of rotation, has two other, spatial (secondary). Around them, it rotates at speeds that are an order of magnitude lower.

As a result of the influence of minor movements, a gradual change in the slope of the principal axis of rotation takes place with time. When it reaches a critical value, a nut or similar rotating object does a somersault.

Will there be a change in the direction of the earth's axis

Experts argue that such apocalyptic phenomena to our planet are not threatened, since the center of gravity of the "lamb" is significantly shifted from the center along the axis of rotation. As you know, although the Earth is not an ideal ball, it is sufficiently balanced. In addition, the value of the magnitude of the precession of the Earth and its moments of inertia allow it not to somersault like "Dzhanibekov's nut", but to maintain stability as a gyroscope.

The main directions of scientific work in space flights

During his stay at the orbital station Dzhanibekov conducted experiments on medicine, physics of the Earth's atmosphere, biology, astrophysics, geophysics. He also studied the onboard systems of a spacecraft, navigation equipment, pharmacological preparations, life support systems, and also developed manual docking modes in a wide range of speeds and ranges.

Of greatest interest is the experiment to develop a new sustainable variety of cotton with a record length of fibers (up to 78 mm) under the influence of cosmic radiation and under conditions of weightlessness.

In subsequent years

Dzhanibekov is an astronaut (photo above), who from 1985 to 1988 was commander of the cosmonaut corps of the TsKK. A.A. Gagarin. Since 1997, he concurrently is a professor-consultant at TSU. Today V. Dzhanibekov directs the Association of Russian Astronautics Museums

Awards

Dzhanibekov (cosmonaut), whose biography is presented above, was awarded orders and medals not only of the USSR and Russia, but also of other countries. Among them are the "Gold Star" of the Hero of the Soviet Union. Also Vladimir Alexandrovich is a knight of the orders of Lenin, the Red Star, Friendship, etc.

In 1984, Dzhanibekov became a laureate of state awards of the Ukrainian SSR and the USSR. Among the awards, which the cosmonaut was awarded by the governments of foreign countries, it is necessary to note the "Gold Star" of the Hero of the MPR, the Order of Sukhbaatar, the State Banner (Hungary), the Legion of Honor and the Gold Medal (France).

Hobbies

Vladimir Alexandrovich has been interested in painting for many years. He is the author of the illustrations of Y. Glazkov's science fiction book "The Meeting of Two Worlds." In addition, the paintings of cosmonaut Dzhanibekov are exhibited in the Cosmonautics Museum. He also created sketches for American and Soviet brands dedicated to flights beyond the reach of cosmic gravity.

Personal life

As already mentioned, cosmonaut Dzhanibekov (nationality - Russian) originally bore the name Krysin. However, in 1968 he met his future wife Lilia. The girl came from an ancient family, the founder of which was the Khan of the Golden Horde, Janibek, the son of Khan Uzbek. In the 19th century their descendants became the founders of Nogai literature. Lily's father - Munir Dzhanibekov - had no sons and was the last man in his dynasty. At his request and with the permission of his parents after the marriage, Vladimir Alexandrovich took the name of his wife and continued the genus Dzhanibekov. The couple had two daughters: Inna and Olga. They gave their father five grandchildren.

The second wife of Vladimir Dzhanibekova is Tatiana Gevorgyan. She is the head of one of the departments of the Memorial Museum of Astronautics.

Now you know what cosmonaut Vladimir Dzhanibekov is known for, whose biography is a story about a man who devoted his life to studying phenomena occurring in weightlessness and serving science and his country.